Learners With Exceptionalities Make Up An Important Education Essay

Learners With Exceptionalities Make Up An Important Education EssayLearners with an exceptionality protest from their colleagues through their differences in requirements to study and the schoolroom surroundings in want to factors such as support systems, teaching methods, and cordial interaction with otherwise conveyers and teachers. Learners with an exceptionality include those with scholarship disabilities, communication dis differentiates, intellectual disabilities, demeanor dis sets, and in any case knowing and talented students. Each group inevitably a special aim and type of support for their individual skill needs. Because these learners make up the complete ends of the learning spectrum, whatsoevertimes all aras of a learners schooling life assimilate to be altered to cater for the individual. This quarter be from an intermittent, part-time al-Qaida to the learner requiring full-time support. However, the social interaction sess be extremely benefi cial for students with an exceptionality, (Scruggs Mastropieri, 2007) and research shows this could be due to activities such as peer tutoring within classes. Because of these learners extra requirements on the teachers and supporting caregivers at school and home, (especially those with disabilities) this croup eventually result in non only the search for mount for these learners, but over the long-term a strain on teachers and other learning professionals to fashion a continual individualized learning programme, unless strategies are implemented to create a positive and effective learning surround for both(prenominal) the learner and teacher.Exceptionality also has implications for the learner in school in impairment of the learners relationships with others, but also the implications on the relationships between these individuals. For example, if the classroom milieu is becoming stressful because of a students disruptive conduct disorder, this can create negative relatio nships between other students parents and the teacher or school professionals. The spew over effect of only some learners needs existence intercommunicate can be very negatively impacting, and so encouraging a positive learning environment is essential. There are certain strategies colligate to the social cognitive system that can help to create a positive learning environment. Furthermore, these strategies in teaching can be use to not only students with exceptionalities but also to all students in assorted contexts of learning environments within schools at all ends of the learning spectrum. These strategies are example, secondary learning, and self-importance regulation and can all be implemented into classroom applications at school as they help explain how learning happens.Attention, retention, riposte and motivation are some of the essential processes that are involved in learning, and also in the social cognitive theory. The social cognitive theory explains learnin g by focusing on behaviour resulting from observing others (Eggen Kauchak, 2010, p. 179). This theory stems from behaviourism, which agrees with the social cognitive theory in terce primary(prenominal) ways, first both theories master(prenominal)tain that experience, the ideas of reinforcement or punishment, and feedback are essential to learning. However, the nerve centre elements of the social cognitive theory differs to behaviourism also in three ways, social cognitive theorists define learning as a change in mental processes that creates the capacity to demonstrate different behaviours (Eggen Kauchak, 2010, p. 180) which can be show up in the teaching strategy of molding, compared to behaviourists who define learning as a change in observable behaviour. Secondly, in the social cognitive theory beliefs, self lights and expectations are primary(prenominal). This is evident in the vicarious learning strategy which is strongly linked to expectations of the learner. Thir dly, social cognitive theorists believe that the environment, personal factors and behaviour rely on and affect one another. This is also called correlative causation. This is closely interconnected with self regulation, another essential learning tool. The main components of this theory are explained and discussed as teaching strategies which help learners to adapt their behaviour through seeing and interacting with others, in that locationfore promoting a positive classroom environment for all students with and without an exceptionality.The three teaching strategies that are based on the social cognitive theory can be implemented in a school setting in a telephone number of different ways. Firstly, mold is one of the central concepts of the social cognitive theory and can be a very effective way of teaching, especially in terms of different age groups, different cultures and learners at all ends of the learning spectrum. mannikin refers to observing then making behavioural, co gnitive, or affective changes as a result (Eggen Kauchak, 2010, p. 181). casting can be taught in three main homunculuss, direct modelling, where the learner simply tries to copy the teachers behaviour. This is especially effective for children with a learning or intellectual disability, as it promotes and encourages learning (Scruggs Mastropieri, 2007) and also can be particular effective for children in thepre-operational stage as it not only can work well as an effective form of instructional scaffolding, but direct modelling can also be effective when demonstrated through models, simulations, and demonstrations. The hands on approach can be highly effective in encouraging higher order thinking in children with a learning disability. (Scruggs Mastropieri, 2007) Modelling in planetary is also important to the learning of students with an exceptionality because it encourages social interaction and development, with the result being cognitive development through accommodation and assimilation (Eggen Kauchak, 2010). Cognitive Modelling encourages social interactions between learners for both the students with exceptionalities and other students, and as the research and views of both Piaget and Vytkey suggest, social integration is essential for learning development. (Eggen Kauchak, 2010, p. 181). This can be demonstrated in the classroom environment by a teachers verbal or written explanation of the cognitive and thought processes used while resolve a problem or applying knowledge to aim for a result. This is also effective because it gives learners an insight into the intrinsic processes of their cognitive development, encouraging them to be self aware. The effects of modelling are large, as learners can acquire sunrise(prenominal) behaviours, use existing behaviours in a new and different way, and their perception of their inhibitions and emotional reactions can also change (Eggen Kauchak, 2010). In a nutshell, modelling encourages learning through its positive effects on attention, retention, reproduction and motivation.vicarious learning is also an important core concept of the social cognitive theory as it affects students expectations. Expectations are especially important for students with exceptionalities as a safe, supportive and routine environment are all essential factors in contributing to the learning and developmental achievement of these individuals within the school environment. (Buckley, Bird, Sacks Archer. 2006).Vicarious learning is an essential teaching strategy as people tend to go after behaviour they see in others, so learners with an exceptionality can relate and learn effectively in this environment. This strategy can be implemented in the school or classroom environment by planning, implementing and supervise rules and procedures in a variety of ways. Visual and written aids, such as charts, debate planners and visual cues can encourage positive and constructive learning behaviour and attitudes, a s well as organizing groups within the class and using modelling or hands on activities. This has also been shown to lessen the frequency of behaviour problems occurring in some students with a learning disability (Scruggs Mastropieri, 2007).Vicarious learning is also a link to another teaching strategy of self regulation, which affects the learners motivation, ability to set goals and take responsibility for their own understanding and learning. By affecting learners expectations of their own ability this can have an effect on their behaviour and their environment. Self regulation requires consistency in teaching, in order for the students themselves to become consistent in self awareness and self monitoring ability. Consistency is also important in the students efforts to monitor their own promote and in their determination to succeed at their desired goals, making them accountable for their own learning. Reflective practice is also necessary for teachers with any strategy in th e learning environment. This can be implemented in a variety of ways, such as conducting action research of the classroom environment in order to answer a specific question regarding learners with and/or without an exceptionality. Other ways teachers can use reflective practice is by using a diary or journal, creating aims and goals, testing those aims and goals, monitoring the draw close of the students and then reviewing those aims and goals. This is inclusive of teaching self regulation, as it requires the teacher to ceaselessly adapt and develop as the learner does.Understanding the issues for teaching professionals of learners with an exceptionality and their familiarity is vastly important for all stakeholders involved. Openness, communication, knowledge and pedagogical knowledge amongst individuals is especially relevant in regards with decisions and plans relative to the learner, such as the I.E.P. These aspects are important and contributing factors to a learners develop ment. In other words, instructional leadership, and collaboration unitedly are important within a school to ensure the learners needs are met. Furthermore it is also important to note that although inclusive grooming in New Zealand can be effective with social and respective(a) benefits many parents and families are choosing special education due to extensive resources that some inclusive education schooling environments may not have. Implementing the strategies discussed in inclusive education is costly. Adapting teaching strategies and the curriculum requires resources, and funding is an issue as there is a high demand from all different sectors such as inclusive versus special schools wanting a piece of the cake. (Eades, Leech Tuenter 2010). This is appease being addressed for a number of reasons but could possibly be due to a general awareness of the limitations for learners with an exceptionality, and the effects and impact at large on the greater proportion of all other s tudents in inclusive education.In conclusion, both the teacher and students can benefit from the number of teaching strategies demonstrated by the social cognitive theory. However the present impact on the learner in New Zealand is limited by financial constraints to implement these, and other learning strategies for students with an exceptionality. With a focus on results over reasons, perhaps the future of these learners will see the equal and effective teaching resources of their peers, through a focus on the empathy and understanding of their unusual but equally important needs.

Vodafone Planning Principles in competition

Vodafone Planning Principles in competitionIntroduction trade is the core of only calling. To outperform the competition requires solid tradeing k at presentledge and precision in grocery storeing decision making. To merchandiseplace comp alls product or portion, it is necessary to event positioning, positioning of its products and work depend on the cookery and implementation of intelligent and aggressive st dictategical market plans.As this designation requires choosing an geological formation which fosters strategic merchandising coundealing process thus, Vodafone multi-national UK- al-Qaedad ready vane operating company has been picked.About VodafoneThe Vodafone group is a smooth net income operator headquartered inNewbury, England. They made their first b arrangement call just minutes aftermidnighton the 1stof January in 1985. In 1987 it was already recognized as the largest roving meshwork in the founding. Today it is the biggest telecommunications n etwork provider in the world by turnover and has a market value of about one hundred billion pounds. It is a FTSE ampere-second company and is ranked 3rd overall just behind violet Dutch carapace and the BP group. Vodafone currently has equity sidelines in twenty-five countries and has former(a) bulgener networks with as stages in a nonher forty one countries. It is the second largest erratic telecom group in the world behind China erratic and has more than than ten million customers in theUnited Kingdom,Germany,India,Italy,Spain,Turkey,Egyptand theUnited States.At a glance of Vodafone 1Type Public Limited Company (PLC) manufacture TelecommunicationsFounded 1984Headquarters Newbury, United KingdomArea Served World wideWebsite www.vodafone.com1 en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodafone occupation 11.1 Vodafone trade Planning PrinciplesVodafone market planning involves deciding on merchandising strategies that entrust help the company attain its overall strategic neutrals.A deta iled marketing plan is needed for distributively business, product, or brand. It has external and internal environments where plenty of strategic elements ar involved. As part of marketing planning principles, large-environmental s go offning pass on be conducted by analyzing probatory macro factors coining the telecom industry while Porters five forces, thrum abstract (SW-for micro environment and OT-for macro environment) will be utilised to assess the micro-environment surrounding telecom industry. Later, BCG intercellular substance as part of Vodafone portfolio compendium technique is explained.1.2 Vodafone Plan Development Using Analytical Tools and Techniques1.2.1 Macro-environmental factorsTo analyze the macro factors of the Vodafone Plc, pestisEL analysis, SWOT analysis (OT is detailed in macro environmental issues) is described.1) PESTEL analysisPolitical factorsRegulations- Mobile visits licenses are tightly controlled and are very expensive. In most cases tig ht mea originals are implemented by the governing body in order to decrease mobile phone use for children because of health issues.Infrastructure- To manakin up an infrastructure to support the network usually requires permission from the government activity and separate regulative bodies.Economical factorsThe recession has decreased the amount of gold customers are willing to spend, hence there is a scathe con fly the coop between leading network providers to drive down exists of calls and SMS to withdraw more customers.Cost of licensing-When the engine room of 3G was introduced there was a bid contend amongst leading companies which ended up in a utmost expending of acquiring this technologySocial-cultural factorsFashion- In some countries especially in europiumit is in fashion to take hold a mobile phone. The market inEuropeis so big that all kind of phones are be sold here. These days in iphone by Apple has conquered most of the market and is the best seller in t heUKat the momentDemographics- Mobile phones tend to be used by the younger members of society. In a verdant where the population is ageing, which is the trend across the EU, the demographics may shift to a more aged population who may dumbfound less use for mobile phones.Technological factors3G (3rd Generation)-The introduction of this technology take hold helped Vodafone to interact easier with their phone and they were able to sourer services worry the mobile internet or known social networking sites like facebook directly nettleible from the phone.It is now often easier for business customers to arrange tackleings and get information directly on their handset. Vodafone similarly supplys tailored charge plans for business customers.GPS (Global Positioning System) It is now possible to get a navigation programme on the handset where supported. Instead of get expensive navigation systems the customer apprize pay one off fees and use the systemThe technology advancem ent in general will help Vodafone to cope with the growing competition all over the worked and will help them growth to attract more customers through these technology developments.environmental factorsVodafone cede established a recycling programme for phones in order to help the environment and recycle and reuse the materials used in the handset. They conk incentives in terms of money to customers hand in their old phone in exchange for a rising one.Legal factorsLaw-There are some laws which regulates the actions of business e.g. The Sales of Goods Act 1974 stating all products must be go over for the purpose they are intended. A mobile phone must therefore work. These laws are created to regulate particular industries for guinea pig the toss on mobile phones while driving. This signifi backtly gaind the sale of headsets.2) SWOT analysis (PART 1 OT under macro environment)OpportunitiesEmerging markets offers Vodafone to introduce their unique services to that market where the market has high rate of growth. They can become a market leader as they are the biggest network provider in the world and their experience could help them to achieve that.At the moment having a mobile phone is a necessity for many people and the trend is handout up that people are tending to have one or more mobile phone. This could turn out positive for Vodafone as the market tends to increase by size and volume in terms of sales.threats disceptation could be a threat organization as more opposite products and services are being offered by diametric companies. The iphone for example introduced by o2 has significantly decreased sales of other products and services because they reserved the rights to be the only distributor of the phone in theUK.The effect of rules and regulation by the government can in like manner be threat to Vodafone as they could ban or set outlay regulations.3) Marketing MixVodafone uses its advantage as being a large global organization and implement s incompatibleiation and cost leadership strategy as they benefit from economies of scale. This al belittleds them to have a agonistical advantage and adding more value to their range of services to the customers compared to other competitors.The marketing mix consists of many different factors, which are grouped together into quatern main categories product, place, price and promotion.Product-Vodafone offers different type of products to different type of customers and so can segment their market in this field. Since the introduction of 3g services they can offer more than just voice calls and messaging. Customers are able to access he internet and other multimedia applications on the go and can benefit from the unique quality of Vodafone.Price-They are able to offer different services for different customers like pre pay phones, pay monthly contracts and business solutions for businesses. This allows them structure their pricing method towards different needs of the customer.Pl ace-Vodafone operates mainly through their retail stores all over theUK. There are over three hundred retail outlets and they as well offer their services through independent retailer like Phones4u.Promotion-Vodafone affectively operated a solid marketing structure which includes advertising visiting card on the street, TV campaign and also use famous celebrities like David Beckham to advertise their products. This ensures people are sensible of their special offers and discounts.1.2.2 Micro environmental factors1) SWOT analysis (PART 2 SW under micro-environment)StrengthsThe size of the organization plays an significant factor when we are speaking about their talent. Their global carriage and network makes it easy for them to be more matched even on a global scale.Vodafone is reputable company and there are famous for being the best in their field. Their brand image is very important when it comes to sales and increasing them.Standardized customer relation management is als o a feature of Vodafone. The company is developing a group-wide standard in customer relation management to ensure an aware(predicate)ness of its customer base and their preferences in order to help the cost-effective sales of its new services and products.WeaknessesDeveloping new technologies can turn out very expensive. If these technologies authorize off to succeed in the market this could end up in a huge loss which would be hard to recover from.They can non introduce new technologies where it is not possible this could be because they are cladding the legal issues within that country.2) Porters 5 forcesBy using the five forces mildew of completion, competitor analysis network by understanding how the threat of new entrants, the bargaining power of secureers, the bargaining power of suppliers, the threat of substitutes and the competition of other firms and how they affect the company directly.Competitive Rivalry The competition in theUKfor example is very much intense a nd big organizations like O2,Orange and T-Mobile have a significant impact on revenues.Bargaining power of buyers Customers have the choice of many different type of product at give way time due to the high level of competition. In terms of different type of packages and different prices people tend to go for other companies and buy their product.Bargaining power of suppliers Vodafone is one of the largest network providers in the world and therefore they are able to use the benefits of economies of scale and reduce their production costs. This allows them to increase their profit margin compared to other companies and offer better a price to value ratio to the customer.Threat of substitutes There is a low try of substitutes for Vodafone as they have established a well- playd brand image. asunder from that as they benefit from economies of scale they can sell their services at the same price like their competitors.Threat of new entry As there is no threat for other companies to enter the market because of rules and regulations and the high cost of licenses required to operate a network, Vodafone has to continue being efficient and reducing costs in order to price match their competitors.Threat ofNewEntrantsBargainingPower ofBuyerCompetitiveRivalry(O2, Orange, 3 mobile, T-mobile)BargainingPower ofSupplierThreat ofSubstitutionFigure 01 Porters 5 forces of VodafoneFigure Source http//www.mindtools.com/pages/article/newTMC_08.htm4) BCG (Boston Consultancy Group) Matrix doubt MarksStarsDogsCash cow HighMarket GrowthLowLow Market piece HighFigure 02 BCG (Boston Consultancy Group) Matrix of VodafoneStars The star of their products which is the main product they offer are the monthly contracts they offer as these are very popular amongst the customers.Cash Cows this is the product which generated revenue but is at a stage where it does not grow. The messaging services they offer generate good revenue for them and as there is no opportunity to expand as that thi s service is their cash cow.Dogs This would be their analogue services as they do not really generate revenue because of too much competition.Question Mark This product is the one with high growth potential and low market share. In this case it would be the 3g serves they offer. As there are other companies offering the same services it hard to gain a higher market share. parturiency 22.1 Strategic Marketing Options for VodafoneMarketing strategy always considers options where it can be applied. In Vodafone, the following marketing strategy options can be applied though both matrixes have got some advantages and disadvantages as well. prevalent Electric/McKinsey (GE) MatrixGE matrix is used mainly for market attractor. The examination and understanding of market attraction is very important in determining investiture strategies in a country of operation. The advantages and disadvantages of GE matrix are given as followsAdvantagesDisadvantages fundamental competitive analysis prov ides a basis for ranking relative strength of business units in their particular environment.Formal definition of components is not put across or simple (Johnson 1985)Analysis is difficult for outsiders to reproduce (Johnson 1985).Determinants Industry attractiveness and business strength.The following figure shows the concept of GE Matrix.Figure 03 General Electric (GE) MatrixSource www.marketingt for apiece one(prenominal)er.comcuticle Directional Policy Matrix 2The compositors case Directional Policy Matrix is another refinement upon the Boston Matrix. along the horizontal axis areprospects for business sector profitability, and along the vertical axis is a companys competitive capability. As with the GE Business inter the location of a Strategic Business Unit (SBU) in any cell of the matrix implies different strategic decisions. However decisions often drag options and in practice thezonesare an irregular shape and do not tend to be accommodated by box shapes. Instead they blend into each other.AdvantagesDisadvantagesConsiders both, internationalist capabilities of the company and competitors capabilities.Market Position is restricted to market share.Assumes countries have stable semipolitical, social and economic environments.Only regulatory aspects pertaining to Shells products have been addressed.Determinants Companys competitive capabilities and business sector prospects.The following figure shows the concept of SDP Matrix.Figure 04 Shell Directional Policy MatrixSource www.marketingteacher.com2 http//www.mbaknol.com/strategic-management/shells-directional- insurance policy-matrix/2.2 Evaluation of Marketing Strategy Options for Vodafonepatronage the shortcomings of previous studies and models, attempts at reaching an understandable model for determining international business strategy have been ongoing.The marketing literature presents a number of models designed to guide managers in making strategic investment decisions for Vodafone Plc.inclu de in that number are matrix approaches such as Shell directional policy matrix (Robinson, Hichens, and Wade 1978), and GE/McKinsey (Taylor 1976).These models have each provided a unique contribution to the strategy process but each also has distinct disadvantages.The advantages and disadvantages of each are, particularly concerned for firms interested in the international market is the fact that these models do not take into comity the international environment.Many multinational companies still confront the problem of compound environmental assessments into decision making in a systematic and objective manner.The task facing them is how to translate recognition of the business situation into action. anterior models are limited in their generalizability across different types of industries and actual environments worldwide.Task 33.1 Current Changes in the Marketing Environment in VodafoneAs Vodafone is a worldwide company and operates in over 27 different countries, this makes an alyzing the external environment fairly difficult using a PEST analysis. The PEST analysis in this report is mainly directed at Vodafones UK external environment in terms of strategic marketing management policy.PEST analysisPoliticalPolitical factors can have a direct impact on the way businesses operate. Decisions made by the governmentaffectour everyday lives and can come in the form of policy or legislation. The Governments introduction of a statutory minimum wage affects all businesses, as do consumer, Health Safety laws and so on. The current increase in global petrol prices is having a profound impact on major economies, it is estimated that 200bn has been added to the global fuel bill since the price increases started.Another political factor is OFTEL, the telecommunications regulator in the UK whose purpose is to ensure phone companies, meet their obligations under telecoms and competition laws and regulations.The UK government regulates this industry through OFTEL.Economi cal both businesses are affected by economical factors nationwide and globally. Interest rate policy and fiscal policy will have to be set accordingly. Within the UK the climate of the scrimping dictates how consumer may behave within society. Whether an economy is in a boom, recession or recovery willalso affect consumer confidence and activities.Economies internationally also have an impact on UK businesses, cheaper labor abroad affects the competitiveness of UK products nationally and globally. An increase in interest rates in the USA will influence the share price of UK stocks.A truly global player like Vodafone has to be aware of economic conditions across all borders and ensure they employ strategies and tactics that protection their business and marketing investment.Socio-culturalWithin society forces such as family, friends, and media affect our attitude, interest and opinions. These forces shape who we are as people and the way we behave and what we ultimately purchase. T he end users of wireless products are becoming increasingly aware of quality and expect a product that is reliable during use. GSM has been an unqualified achievement because it works, offers definite advantages over first generation and is at a price where everyone can access the technology. One problem that has been apparent over youthful years is the high market exposure given to new features and technologies, which are not well proven and tested before launch. WAP was a rush example of this. A great deal of effort has been injected into WAP to make sure the early teething problems have been overcome, but the public can sometimes demonstrate memory akin to an elephant and changing opinions is a much harder marketing nut to crack. The market expectation for Bluetooth and 3G has been raised considerably so now we are at a critical stage in fulfilling the publicise dream.TechnologicalAdvanced technology is changing the way businesses operate. The net profit is having a profoun d impact on the marketing mix strategy of organizations. Consumers can now shop 24 hours a day, comfortably from their homes. Vodafone has been using the Internet for advertising like a lot of other organizations trying to sell their business.There is renewed interest by many governments to encourage investment in research and development and to develop technology that will give their country the competitive edge. The one-stop-shop customer need, and the manufacturers success in integrating cellular, cordless and internet user applications into a single unit has meant that a wireless test company has to consider all major technologies and review each for their commercial benefits. In some instances some technology advancements will not create a profitable business in isolation. Vodafone has introduced new technology such as Vodafone Live, and now the introduction of the new 3G mobile phones direction Vodafone will implement the new technology into their system to bring the service t o the customer.3.2 Analyzing Vodafones Potential Responses to the Strategic Marketing Changes3.3 Recommendation and Conclusion

Bulk and Nanomaterials Synthesis Experiment

bug out and Nanomaterials implication ExperimentIntroductionIn recent years, bulk and nano materials in several areas of pure and applied sciences have captivated a heavy(p) interest amongst the researchers. Because of their fascinating and tremendous properties with great potential in numerous applications such as solid resign lasers, lamp industry, colour displays, etc (Senthil et al, 2001 Tamrakar et al, 2013a Tamrakar et al, 2013b Tamrakar et al, 2014a Tamrakar et al, 2014b) these bulk and nano materials having great interests of research.Experimental Section2.1. Materials and SynthesisSamarium oxide (Sm2O3) and atomic number 62 process (Sm(NO3)3.6H2O) were employ as the rare man bases of K3Gd(PO4)2Sm3+ in the following synthesis methods. Urea (NH2CONH2) and citric acid monohydrate (C6H8O7.H2O) were apply as fuels in electrocution and citrate gel burning methods. The sensible materials in carbonate form were used in solid solid ground method whereas in case of bur ning at the stake and citrate gel method it could be used in nitrate form.2.1.1. Synthesis of undoped K3Gd(PO4)2 and Sm3+ doped K3Gd(PO4)2 by solid state methodThe raw materials potassium carbonate (K2CO3), gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3), ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate (NH4H2PO4) and samarium oxide (Sm2O3) of spirited purity were mixed and grounded unneurotic with the smallest possible amount of ethanol in an agate mortar for an hour to buzz off a homogeneous mixture. The stoichometric amount of starting materials was weighed gibe to the balanced chemical substance reactions for the undoped K3Gd(PO4)2 (equation (1)) and Sm3+ doped K3Gd(PO4)2 (equation (2)) and are given as followsThe mixed powderise was transferred to the aluminium oxide crucible and placed into the muffle furnace at 850 C for 7 hours. The ready phosphors were cooled to room temperature and grounded to obtain delightful powder.2.1.2. Synthesis of undoped K3Gd(PO4)2 and Sm3+ doped K3Gd(PO4)2 by combustion meth od with urea (NH2CONH2)Urea (NH2CONH2) as a fuel used for the preparation of the undoped K3Gd(PO4)2 and Sm3+ doped K3Gd(PO4)2 by combustion method. The reagents used were potassium nitrate (KNO3), gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3), ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate (NH4H2 PO4), urea (NH2CONH2) and samarium nitrate (Sm(NO3)3.6H2O) of high purity. The materials were weighed according to the balanced chemical reactions (equations (3 4)) given belowThe stoichometric ratio of reagents was unbroken at unity, so that the heat liberated during combustion be maximized for drop combustion. The weighed reagents were dissolved in a small amount of distilled water and exhaustively mixed in an agate mortar to obtain a paste. The obtained paste was transferred to the aluminum oxide crucible and inserted into the pre-heated muffle furnace sustained at 600. The combustion process occurs with the phylogeny of the large amount of gasses. The whole reaction takes 3-5 minutes to complete. The final snow-c lad foamy product was cooled to room temperature and ground to obtain hunky-dory powder. The fine powder then further annealed at 850 for 3 h to deliver complete crystallanity.2.1.3. Synthesis of undoped K3Gd(PO4)2 and Sm3+ doped K3Gd(PO4)2 by citrate-gel combustion method with citric acid (C6H8O7.H2O)Potassium nitrate (KNO3), gadolinium oxide (Gd2O3), ammonium dihydrogen orthophosphate (NH4H2 PO4), samarium nitrate (Sm (NO3)3.6H2O), citric acid monohydrate (C6H8O7.H2O) of high purity was used as the starting materials for the preparation of the undoped K3Gd(PO4)2 and Sm3+ doped K3Gd(PO4)2. The citrate gel was nimble according to the following chemical reactionsThe reactants in stoichometric amounts were weighed according to equations (5 6) and dissolved together in 10 ml distilled water. The mixed solution was heated to 85C on a hot plate with continuous stirring for 2 hours to obtain a viscous gel. The obtained gel was placed into the pre-heated muffle furnace kept up(p) at 6 00. After several minutes, the gel boiled followed by organic evolution of huge amounts of gases. Eventually, spontaneous ignition occurred and the gel underwent combustion. The whole process finish within a few minutes. The final products were cooled to room temperature and grounded to obtain fine powder. The fine powder, then further annealed at 850 for 3 h to examine that all the unwanted impurities were evaporated and only the higher temperature pure monoclinic descriptor of K3Gd(PO4)2 remains as the final product.2.2. CharacterizationThe X-ray powder diffraction patterns of the synthesizingd powders were save by employ Philips Xpert MPD system with Cu K radiation (1.5406 ) operated at 40 kV and 30 mA. The 2 was change in the range of 10 2 60 with step size of 0.01 (2) and count time of 18s /step. The lattice parameters were calculated using unit electric cell program . The diffuse reflectance spectra were recorded using a Shimadzu UV-VIS-2600 trope beam spectrophotom eter coupled with an ISR (integrating sphere assembly). The photoluminescence (PL) (excitation and emanation spectra) and the lifetime measurements of the synthesized phosphors were recorded using a Cary-Eclipse Spectrofluorometer equipped with a 150W Xenon lamp as an excitation source with slit width 5 nm and 2.5 nm for excitation and emission monochromator. All the measurements were per organize at room temperature.3. Results and discussion3.1. Phase formationThe powder XRD patterns of the Sm3+ doped K3Gd(PO4)2 samples synthesized by solid state, combustion and citrate gel combustion methods were measured. The patterns are shown in figure 1 and compared with that of the JCPDS card 049-1085 (K3Gd(PO4)2). The XRD patternsof Sm3+ doped K3Gd(PO4)2 phosphor indicates a pure phase of the standard K3Gd(PO4)2 and all the peaks were in good obligation which belongs to the monoclinic phase with space group P21/m 20. Also the XRD shows that the formed materials are in crystalline and homo geneous forms.The particle size of the prepared samples have been calculated from the full width half maximum (FWHM) of the knifelike peaks using Debye Scherer formula.Here, D is particle size, k is the Scherrers constant (0.89), is FWHM (full width half maximum), = 1.54 A is the wavelength of X-ray source (Cu (K) radiation), is Bragg angle of the X-ray diffraction peak.The modal(a) particle size of the Sm3+ doped K3Gd(PO4)2 phosphor prepared by solid state method was found approximately 39 nm, while those prepared by combustion and citrate gel methods were found to be 23 nm and 27 nm. The decrease in the particle size is due to append in the FWHM of the XRD peaks for the phosphor synthesized by combustion method and citrate gel combustion method. The variation of particle size with FWHM is also tabulated in table .References

The role of the family in education

The portion of the family in pedagogyThe family is the most primal primary election group in society (C.N.Sharkar, 1990, p.392).. both(prenominal) one is a member of family and has duties to make our self to become a person who read responsibility and value. Also, family has responsibility in t severallying children as its contri bution in a building human resource for society. genus Phallus of family has right to get the proboscis prevent, take c ar, and human right from p arnts. phallus of family have meal, clothes, home, schooling, health prevention, and safety. To gross(a) this needs, the pargonnts try to do anything to raise and complete all needs (MoEYS, 2009, p.186). The family also has decease to tin formal and unaffixed education to children or member of family. So play of family is very valuable to formulate children to become human resource in society.Focusing on Cambodia, family has also been considered as an important agency in education. As already u tter in the Education For alone National Plan 2003-2015 (EFA) stated that the sharing responsibility of p bents, and local community stack (MoEYS, 2004, p.4).In revisal to study this topic deeply, a literature review referd parents cultivate in educating children in Cambodia has been conducted in purpose to answer two principal(prenominal) questions as followingWhat does MacIvers theory explain about family turn in education?What does family function submit education to children in term of Cambodia mixer and cultural context?II- Literature reviewThe family as a accessible institution performs several functions. on that point are some(prenominal) scholars provide many functions of the family likes Kingley Davis has of four main function of the family Reproduction, Maintenance, Placement , and socialization. Similarly, Ogburn and Nimkoff have mentioned six major(ip) functions of family Affectional, Economic, Recreation, Protective, Religious and educational ( C.N.Shankar, 1990, p.395). But I would like to interest in MacIvers theory, he has describe two function of the family The primary function or Essential function and The secondary function or non internal function ( C.N.Shankar, 1990, pp.395-397).The primary function or essential functionThere are six major functions in the primary function or essential function including firstly, Stable satisfaction of stir need fix to sex drive is powerful in human being and sex need make human try to do anything to develop their livelihood. Secondly, Reproduction relates the number of sexual satisfaction is reproduction. Reproduction is a function of family to reproduce a new birth for social. Thirdly, Production and Rearing of the child applicable the family provides the person life and a chance to survive. We owe our life to the family. The child which is missed at the time of birth is attached the needed protection of the family. So family is a function par excellence for the production and rearing of children. The fourthly, supplying of home connect the family provides the home for its member. Home is a place that provides prospect for member meeting to gear up each other. Children are born and brought up in home only. Though, often children are born hospitals, clinics, maternity homes, etc., they are nursed and nourished in the homes only. The fifthly, Family-An instrument of culture Transmission refer to the family transmits ideas and ideologies, folkways and more(prenominal), customs and tradition, beliefs and values from one generation to the next. So children or members of family had to discover the field by parents. The sixthly, Status Ascribing function relate the family also performs a pair of functions status ascription for the man-to-man, and societal identification for the individual people recognize us by our names and our name are given to us by our family.The secondary function of family or non-essential functionThere are four major four functions in fami ly, the firstly, Economic Functions relevant to the previously member of family work together in farms for the production of goods. member of family think about relationship to provide individual needs each other. They cooperate and help to correct, teach about process of economic. But this instant the situation has changed. The family member does not work together at home. They are engaged in different economic activities out side the home. The secondly, Educational functions relate the family provides the basic education to children. The member of family teaches children how to speck, how to organize, etc The member of family helps to develop children ride skill, intelligent etc. Today preschool has instead of family function. The thirdly, Religious function relate the family is a centre for the unearthly training of the children. The children learn from their parents various religious virtues. The family used to teach the children the religious values, moral precepts, way to worshipping God, etc. The fourthly, The amateur Functions connect with the recreation was largely family based. It fostered a close solidarity. Reading aloud, see relatives, family reunions, church socials, singing, dancing, playing indoor games, etc., brought together the entire family. Elders would organize their take in recreation among themselves or together with other children.Both the primary function and Secondary function play a very important role in education, but secondary function seems to be more important function than primary function because it shapes children personality, help them able to communicate with others, and place financing supports that help to build childrens capacity.. Unlikely, primary function just focuses on sex needs, reproduction of generation, provide home or we can theorise primary needs that all family has lost.III- The Cambodia ContextReligious Education All Cambodian are influenced by Buddhism. The function Buddhism is to educate and to as sist in the society for people to become good. Buddhism educates people, family, women, and children to know the right way. What is right for the individual is right for society. As individuals you have to think about your feeling and that to succeed parents and elders. You need to find the right way to educate the younger generation. (Janet,2006.p94).The family plays a very important role to education children. As we know, parents are winder member in family, they educate children about daily activities like to educate children to respect older people, help parents to prepare food and flowers for monks, wearing conquer clothes when children go to pagoda (Chantal, 2000, p.3).Support family education Although Cambodia is a poor country, but parents have participated to support children both emotion and material. To relate the economy, they support both direct and confirming be of schooling. Direct costs include those which are met by providers of schooling plus the additional co sts which are met by parents for uniforms, books, transport and related items. Indirect costs include the opportunity costs of income forgone when children attend school rather than engaging in other activities. The indirect costs are a major burden for some parents, in particular the poorest, and can be a significant determinant of whether, or not a child attends school (Mark and Seng, 2005, p.1). To sum-up, most parents in Cambodia have participated to provide supporting, push their children in education sector. It show that function of family in Cambodia have responsibilities to provide education to children in formal school.Home-learning Parents remain the childrens first and primary educators. It is in their family that children have their first learning experiences, explore and discover the world, and develop.(Claire,June 2009, p55) A young children needs to be supported by his or her family. It is in that respect that the first learning experiences occur, and where social r ules are acquired. Very soon, language is learned, the body is controlled, relationships develop and the child becomes an integrated member of the community (Claire, June 2009,p8).For example, when children enjoy with their arrest during cooking, they ask many questions about new things they see then the beget gives answers. The questions and the responses of their mother help children to develop their intelligence. (Chantal,2004,74).Therefore, parents play very importance to educate children.IV- ConclusionTo sum-up there are two functions of family as primary function and secondary function in MacIvers theory. Although the primary function refer to steadfast satisfaction of sex need, reproduction or procreation, production and rearing of the child, supplying of home, family-an instrument of culture, status ascribing function, and affectional function, but the secondary function is more important because it a function that help children to develop their capacities to access in p rimary school.Focusing on Cambodia, family also has three function to education children, like religious function, education function, and home-learning. The parents are key educator to provide health, nutrition, sanitation, safety, education, socialization and emotional life and seeking to stimulate all aspects of festering as physical, intellectual, emotional, social to their children, because children early start to learn from their family.

Assessing The Background Of Saddam Hussein Politics Essay

Assessing The Background Of ibn Talal ibn Talal ibn Talal ibn Talal ibn Talal Hussein Hussein Politics searchThe history of ibn Talal Hussein Hussein and his draws capabilities started up in weensy village on the outskirts of the city of Tikrit (G.Butt 7) where he was born in 1937 and grew up facing the atm of anti-British attitude meaned by mess at that time. He had a really hard childhood, however he managed to number his basic education at school. When he was 20 years old, a young king Faisal II was killed by general Kasim and a mathematical group of army officers who overthrew a weakened monarchy that had been introduced by the British three decades earlier. ibn Talal Hussein Hussein was introduced to politics by his uncle Chajrullach and became an active member of Bath policy-making party. subsequently an unsuccessful attempt to assassinate general Kasim, he had to escape from the coun essay. In 1963, general Kassim was overthrown by Bath party which en sufficientd ibn Talal Hussein to return from out-migration and be shed over the duties of a psyche responsible for Bath party internal security. After 8 months of general inst great power and semipolitical murders, the authorities of Bath party fell down which forced ibn Talal Hussein Hussein to exhaust into underground. Five years later, Bath party returned. This time, it was a good deal split up prep ard for taking over the power. The new president Al Bakr treasured to introduce a democratic system in Iraq and ap passed ibn Talal Hussein to become the head of secret police as nobody else treasured to paying back over this particular position considered to be a squalid job (S.K. Aburish, 5) . ibn Talal Hussein Hussein worked hard on reinforcing the security forces which eliminated political elites of all political options using the most cruel methods such(prenominal)(prenominal) as tortures and murders. A year later, in 1969, he was appointed the coun exertions vice-president. He was shut up responsible for security and special forces in which he use to hold people from Al Bu Nasir tribe, i.e the tribe to which he be eagle-eyeded. By providing the poor and undereducated men with the well paid job of security agents he was able to establish a group of fully trusted supporters who helped him to clean up the environment from opp iodinnts and enemies (Gazeta PL 9). After ten years, this, in fact, enabled Saddam Hussein the to take over the total power and govern Iraq. In 1979, he arrested Hasan al Bakr and became the president of Iraq. Under the pretext of fighting with traitors who wanted to give up Iraq to Syria, he arrested, tortured and killed hundreds of Revolutionary Council and Bath party members. The climate of political crime and murders did not disturb him in the outgrowth of his international move (T.Kjeilen 8). Even though Iraq was in alliance with Soviet Union, Saddam Hussein still maintained the relations with the Western countries. Owing to rapidly increment income from oil sale in 1970s (Britannica Online Encyclopedia 15), Iraq under the spark advance of Bath party controlled by Saddam Hussein introduced an ambitious excogitate of developing a novel indus essay and agri madnessure to reduce the hatful of imported products, and improving the infrastructure (transportation, water and electric energy supply, health services). Iraq started to be regarded as a growing economy and one of the economical powers in the region. All these caused that Saddam Hussein, instead of using the revolutionary ideology to tar lower support for his actions, could use the arguments of economic development. He started to consider him ego as a drawing card of all the Arab countries (Wikipedia 10). However, regular(a) though m whatsoever modern industrial facilities were established, e.g. modern cement plants were reinforced up, production efficiency could lone about(prenominal) be achieved with the assistance of international exper ts since the local labour was highly unable (authors own observations). This led to station that Iraki products could hardly compete on foreign markets. Also due to the fact that there were huge take for infrastructure, the government could hardly reach the planned goals even though the coin were available. Saddam Hussein needed manything else to reinforce his position. The Islamic revolution in Iran caused that Saddam Hussein was give upd with the international support, especially the USA, who wanted to stop the development of Islamic fanaticism. This led to the outbreak of the Iraki-Iranian warfare during which Saddam Hussein built up the arsenal of all the different weapons that made Iraq become the heart and soul East military power. This was followed by invasion on Kuwait in 1990 which ended up with the Gulf War. It was detect by J.Hickman 11 that regimes could rarely last losing one war, and in grimace of Saddams government there were two wars one after an an anoth er(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal), therefore he posed a straits of what were the lead secrets of Saddam Hussein that allowed him to stay in power. In the following chapter I will shew to answer this question by analysing the lead features of the Iraqi dictator.3. Key drawing cardship capabilities of the Iraqi leaderIn order to limit the key leadership capabilities, it would be necessary to find an answer to the question what features were represented by Saddam Hussein that made him an effective leader in the mettle East and Iraq during the 3 decades of 1970s, 1980s and 1990s? correspond to Stoner and Wankel 1, the effective leaders possess certain features or properties such as charisma, the ability to anticipate the events and the ability to convince people in order to birth their support. A.Sharplin 2 discusses the trait approach to leadership based on a believe that the leaders who are effective possess some particular features that other people do not have such as p hysical strength, stamina, size, acquaintance, integrity, wisdom, etc. Kouzes and Posner 12 analyse how the leaders mobilize other people to do extraordinary things, what practices they use to transform values into actions, visions into realities, obstacles into innovations, separateness into solidarity, and risks into rewards. All of the above mentioned features base on the behaviour of the leaders. J.B.Avolio at al 4 made an attempt to group all the different leadership features in order to define 3 groups of leadership styles including transformational leadership, transactional leadership and corrective avoidant leadership. avocation Freuds theory of personality types, M.Maccoby 16 focused on description of narcissistic leaders, features of which put forward in like manner be attri plainlyed to the former Iraqi leader.Therefore, what features or leadership styles feces we allocate to Saddam Hussein. In the following subsections I will try to analyse Saddams leadership streng ths and weaknesses3.1. leaders strengths of Saddam HusseinSaddam Hussein definitely represented an autocratic leadership style which, in fact, was the altogether possible way to govern the country consisting of Kurds and Arabs who additionally subscribed to two opposing branches of Islamic religion, i.e. Sunni and Shia Muslims (G.Butt, 7). This is particularly visible nowadays taking into musing the difficulties faced by the USA and other Western countries who try to follow up the democratic rules into this very conservative and politically shattered country.Said K.Aburish 6 place a number of strong leadership features represented by Saddam Hussein includingextraordinary ability to see the overall picture of future day achievements that allowed him to get to the lustd vision, level-headed organizers skills which was something special in the Arab mentality surgical operation in the environment of the Middle East this caused that he had a large-minded potential and was much b etter visible when compared to other Arab leaders,ability to get the control over planned activities by surrounding himself with relatives and basing on family and tribal connections as those that could be trusted,ability to work long hours,enormous popularity even though he was a dictator he was able to provide the Iraqis, especially in 1970s and mid 1980s, with what they expected and needed, i.e. wealth, infrastructure and prospects.good learners skills as he read a lot and listened to a medley of people.J.Hickman 11 identified some other features of Saddam Husseins leadership strength such asunderstanding of the value of state terror,development of a cult around his person,appreciation of the political value of relatives and close friends,ability to get the peoples stick outance for super risky decisions such as declaring war against the neighbouring countries or fighting the minorities,ability to exploit the international public opinion by getting support of the Muslims from all over the world and attracting the attention of others to unfair retaliatement of the Iraqi nation by the economic sanctions.It seems that narcissism was the leadership strength of Saddam Hussein. match to M.Maccoby 16 the narcissistic leaders become groovy charismatic leaders due to the fact that they have fascinating visions which get them supporters. Maccoby classifies narcissistic leaders among the people who have widespread imagination and try to create the future instead of trying to understand the future. However, he noticed that having the vision is not enough as the psychiatric patients also have visions. In case of Saddam Hussein the ability of using hot air and ability to arouse enthusiasm among the followers seems to be this additional feature.3.2. Leadership weaknesses of Saddam HusseinThere have been several important leadership weaknesses that brought Saddam Hussein and Iraq to the disaster. One of the most evident weak points has been the capacity to intimi date the people when governing the country. On one side, he had a strong security apparatus which was indicated as strength but on the other hand, by using terror he did not get the acceptance of, at least, a part of the Iraqi society.Ability to take risky decisions could have been classified as one of the strengths but, if think to the ability to make mistakes, both stage the leadership weakness. This was the case with the involvement into the Iran/Iraq war which produced a debt of 65-100 billion USD (S.K. Aburish 6). Even though Saddam declared the victory, he was unable to provide the Iraqi people with the fruits of this victory which led him to another mistake of invading Kuwait. Therefore, one of the serious weaknesses was Saddams ability of leading people in the wrong direction.Narcissism was mentioned in the previous subsection to constitute one of Saddams leadership strengths. However, it arouse also be one of the weaknesses which was the case of the former Iraqi leader. consort to Maccoby 16, narcissistic leaders only accept the desired information. They love giving the speeches and are dominant during the meetings with subordinates. They are very sensitive to any criticism and react violently. In case of Saddam Hussein, any criticism was punished with the death sentence which led to situation of being completely isolated from reality. This also caused that the number of people he could trust was getting smaller and smaller (S.K. Aburish 6).3.3. Analysis of Saddams leadership capabilities and styles looking at at different leadership features of Saddam Hussein, following Bass and Steidlmeier 14, it can be stated that the Iraqi leader represented a assortment of transformational and transactional leadership style as most of the leaders do. Such features as charisma and vision could place the former Iraqi leader among those who represent the transformational leadership style as he tried and managed to get his supporters come to and committed to hi s visions. On the other hand, if we were to attribute the leadership style to Saddam Hussein, transactional style seems to be more appropriate as he used to motivate his followers by reward (offering well paid jobs and other benefits to his supporters) and punishment (putting people to prison, torturing and murdering). This style of leadership requires from the people that are managed or ruled to do exactly what the leader wants them to do. The Iraqi leader established clear structures that gave him full authority and power over the Iraqi subordinates whose performance was monitored. According to Bass et alia 17, the leader representing the transactional style outlines the compliance norms as well as evaluates the performance that does not meet the standards and can punish all those who do not keep the set up standards.According to D.Goleman 18 particular capabilities such as intellectual properties, cognitive abilities and possession of long term vision that contribute to certain l eadership styles are extremely important but he discovered that emotional intelligence is much more important for effective leadership of large organizations. He also discovered that the larger the organization was, the more important was emotional intelligence. Lets try to analyse Saddam Hussein regarding the elements of emotional intelligence including self- cognisance, self-control, motivation, empathy and social awareness.The self awareness is the ability to realistically evaluate own personality D.Goleman 18. It seems that Saddam Hussein was unaware of his shortcomings and was totally unable to listen to the constructive criticism. According to Goleman, people having low level of self-awareness are threatened by any suggestion of introducing improvements. This was definitely featured by the former Iraqi leader who used to punish anyone who criticized his activities. The self-control seemed to be another weak point of the Iraqi leader as he was unable to create the atmosphere of trust and very often used to lose his temper when talking to subordinates. It seems that motivation was the only element out of five emotional intelligence factors that Saddam Hussein possessed. He had a very strong desire to achieve success. Empathy and social awareness, both associated with social relations were also weak points of Saddam Hussein as, being a dictator, he did not try to understand the feelings of his subordinates. He used to govern his subordinates by fear.4. ConclusionsThere is a long list of particular leadership features that could be attributed to Saddam Hussein showing his skills and capabilities that differentiated him from other people. However, even though there is no question about specific leadership capabilities of the former Iraqi leader, we mustiness not forget that they were supported with very brutal and criminal activities such as tortures and murders. A.Safty 3 raised the issue of the moral dimension of leadership related to the political context . He is of the opinion that dictators often characterized as people who had visions, were able to mobilize the supporters, were self-confident and had the ability to persuade the audience should not be called effective or great leaders. Instead, he proposed to use the term of a ruler in regard to the brutal dictators such as Saddam Hussein as this word is more in line with leading by tyranny, force, fear and intimidation. The issue of ethics and morality has also been discussed by Bass and Steidlmeier 14 who noticed that somebody who represents the transformational style of leadership could be artful in relation to the followers, and as they stated such a person might have the public image of a saint but privately be a deceptive devil This statement ideally suits Saddam Hussein who represented certain features of transformational leadership which were not certain but pseudo-transformational as named by Burns 13. Due to these reasons, even though Saddam Husseins leadership reflecte d both transformational and transactional features which is normally treated as the vanquish combination of styles, it is so difficult to talk about leadership capabilities as the ethics and morality have been disregarded. In this particular case we should, in fact, talk about the dictatorship capabilities instead of leadership capabilities even if some leadership features discussed above in this paper can be attributed to this Middle East dictator. The analysis of the emotional intelligence of Saddam Hussein has shown that he was missing the most important features such as self-awareness, self-control, empathy and social awareness which are a crucial thing for effective leadership.

Overpopulation in the 1900s :: essays research papers

Some people believe that immigration in the 1900s was a good thing, however, they would be wrong. The unify States g everywherenment should claim curtail the immigrants around that time. Some reasons are the population, the taking of new jobs and lowering wages, and diseases spreadhead quickly. These all factored importantly into why they should not have been allowed in.The population in the 1900s was beginning to overflow. In 1875 the unite States government had to put a immigration restriction so that no more immigrants could inject into the United States. Which ended up leading into the depression. Then later in 1882 the United States government had to put a restriction on all Chinese immigrants because there were too many of them coming over. So as a result you can tell that too many immigrants were coming over into the United States.Another big factor in why the immigrants should have been restricted in the 1900s is because they would take most of the needed jobs in all of the warehouses. The main reason that they would get all of the jobs in the warehouses is because they would come in large amounts and they were willing to work for very little pay. The places that they lived were commonly shacks or a 2 or three room flat tire so they wouldnt have many costs to take tending of. This also would lead allot of Americans getting angry because it would become harder and harder to draw work.Due to the very poor living conditions that all of the immigrants would live in diseases would spread very quickly. Another reason that diseases would spread is because so many different people from different countrys would take very long journeys on a boat where it is tremendously overcrowded. Whenever immigrants would come over they would have to see a doctor.

The American Dream: To Get Rich Quick :: Essay on the American Dream

Traditionally, Americans direct sought to gain the American dream of success, fame and wealth by means of thrift and hard work. However, the industrialisation of the 19th and 20th centuries began to erode the dream, replenishment it with a philosophy of suffer rich quick. A innovation of seductive but tortuous strategies have evolved, and today the three leading ways to instant wealth be large-prize television game shows, big-jackpot responsibility lotteries and compensation lawsuits. In this article, Matthew Warshauer, professor of History at Central computed tomography State University, examines why so some(prenominal) Americans are persuaded to seek these cushy ways to their dream. How does one compass the American ambitiousness? The answer doubtless depends upon ones interpretation of the Dream, and there are many from which to choose. lavatory Winthrop envisioned a apparitional paradise in a city upon a Hill. Martin Luther Kin g, Jr. ideate of racial equality. Both men yearned for what they comprehend as perfection. Scholars have recognise widely varying conceptions of these asks for American excellence. ace component of the American Dream seems, however, to be fairly consistent the quest for money. Few will refuse that Americans are intently focused on the almighty dollar. In a society dedicated to capitalism and the byword that, the one who dies with the most toys wins, the expertness to purchase a big domicil and a nice machine separates those who are considered successful from those who are not. as yet the question remains, how does one accomplish this success? How is the Dream realized? For many Americans the formula is one of instant, albeit elusive, gratification. sort of than adhering to a traditional work ethic, farthermost too many Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as easy money. This article focuses on three phenomena in c ontemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American Dream. Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a untested wave of television game shows, draft luck, and lucrative lawsuits are theThe American Dream To Get Rich firm Essay on the American Dream Traditionally, Americans have sought to realize the American dream of success, fame and wealth through thrift and hard work. However, the industrialization of the 19th and 20th centuries began to erode the dream, replacing it with a philosophy of get rich quick. A variety of seductive but elusive strategies have evolved, and today the three leading ways to instant wealth are large-prize television game shows, big-jackpot state lotteries and compensation lawsuits. In this article, Matthew Warshauer, Professor of History at Central Connecticut State University, examines why so many Americans are persuaded to seek these easy ways to their dream. How does one ach ieve the American Dream? The answer undoubtedly depends upon ones definition of the Dream, and there are many from which to choose. John Winthrop envisioned a religious paradise in a City upon a Hill. Martin Luther King, Jr. dreamed of racial equality. Both men yearned for what they perceived as perfection. Scholars have recognized widely varying conceptions of these quests for American excellence. One component of the American Dream seems, however, to be fairly consistent the quest for money. Few will deny that Americans are intently focused on the almighty dollar. In a society dedicated to capitalism and the maxim that, the one who dies with the most toys wins, the ability to purchase a big house and a nice car separates those who are considered successful from those who are not. Yet the question remains, how does one achieve this success? How is the Dream realized? For many Americans the formula is one of instant, albeit elusive, gratificatio n. Rather than adhering to a traditional work ethic, far too many Americans are pinning their hopes on what they perceive as easy money. This article focuses on three phenomena in contemporary American society that have successfully captured the quest for the American Dream. Savvy marketers have convinced their audiences that a new wave of television game shows, lottery luck, and lucrative lawsuits are the

Comparison: the Jade Peony, horses Of The Night, Masque Of The Red :: essays research papers

equivalence "The Jade Peony", "Horses of the Night", Masque of the Red Death"I noticed that i enjoyed most of the tommyrots not only for the obviousreasons such as legal charactors, mood, and imagery but also because of writing elan and fluency. I noticed or so reports I enjoyed reading even supposition nothingin it really interested me too much, while early(a) storys that were well-nigh topicsI usally enjoy reading about I had to gravel down because I would end up goingover either sentence two or three times each. So on that note I belive the mostimportant part of writing is do it fluent and easy to read. The threestorys I will compare and occupation are "The Jade Peony", "Horses of the Night",and "The Masque of the Red Death." I intend to fine wether or not the author ofthese storys was sucessful in do it readable in the sence ofcomprehanceability and fluency.The first story I will be discussing is called "The Jade Peony " byWayson Choy. I did not enjoy what this story was about nor did I enjoy readingit. Luckly it was little(a), If It wasnt I doubt i would have made it throught thewhole thing. The main problem with this story was the inconsistance of thesentences, some sentences were too long while others were very short. The onlyway to real fix this story would be to re- save up it.The second story I chose to write about is called "Horses of the Night"by Margaret Laurence. I did enjoy reading this short story dipite the fact itseem to jump around alot it would talk about somthing fairly in-depth thenjust suddenly jump to a distinct subject or time-era of the story. The authorseem to show very good writing ability however so I think perhaps she did thison purpose either just for somthing different or maybe to give you a break fromwhat she was currently writing about.And finally the triplet and personal favourite story i chose to includein this stem is called "The Masqe of the Red Death." This story is nice andeasy to read even though it uses fairly large words and complex sentences. Thisstory just happens to be writen by one of my favourite writers as well EdgarAllen Poe. I enjoyed this story mainly because like i said it was easy to read

The Canadian Mosaic Vs. The U.S. Melting Pot Essay -- essays research

Canada is internation eithery recognized as a cultur anyy different nation that emphasizes the opinion of The Mosaic. No other country in the world encompasses inhabitants from so many different backgrounds who exhibit strong loyalty towards Canada, while cool it preserving their cultural heritage. This is contrasted to the American ideal of the "Melting Pot", which attempts to shape all of their citizens into a set mold. Canadas philosophy is believed to be more utile and respectful than that which is possessed by our American neighbours. The following will address the advantages and disadvantages of both approaches, and analyze the impact of the structures on each countrys society.Canada is world renown for be one of the most tolerant, welcoming, and democratic countries in the world - a dynamic Mosaic of multiculturalism where people live and spend a penny together in harmony. Over the past 150 years, more than 14 million people have immigrated to Canada, with 16% of the 30 million citizens be first-generation immigrants. The Government of Canada is committed to a policy of diversity designed to remain and enhance the multicultural heritage of Canadians, while striving to achieve equation in the economic, social, cultural and political aspects of Canada. In 1991, the Department of Multiculturalism and Citizenship conducted a survey, which revealed utmost levels of Canadian values and identity. Six out of ten interviewees portrayed a "deep emotional attachment to Canada" and 95% believe they can be proud of being a citizen and of their ancestry simultaneously. As a nation, Canada is continually becoming more diverse in its practices, which requires residents to expand their knowledge and regard other cultures. diverseness can benefit a society in numerous ways, as is evidenced across Canada. The many cultures existing in Canada have created a rich cultural experience. By having a diverse population, one observes a plethora of food , clothing, music, entertainment, and traditions. One example where this is exhibited is Heritage Day, where citizens fuse in celebrating and learning about various other cultures. Existence in a non-diverse society would be dull in comparison and little adequate to fulfill creative desires. Diversity is also important to the advantage of an organization. The increasing globalization has resulted in individuals c... ...fe. By sheltering its citizens from the diverse reality of the world, the U.S. prevents individuals from being tolerant, open-minded, and accommodating of cultures different from their own.In summary, multiculturalism promotes positive change for individuals of all cultures. It involves not only educating majority groups about minorities, but also vice versa. Diversity assists us as citizens, to appreciate individuals from all backgrounds, respect their ideas, and value their opinions. It educates us to accept the drawbacks of others and learn from their strengths . One can only gain by learning to live in a diverse fellowship. Canada creates a community in which individual and group differences bond to form a mosaic, not a melting pot that attempts to camouflage them in a varied mix. As the advantages of diversity far exceed its disadvantages, it is concluded that the diverse mosaic of this nation is a far more effective system in todays world of increasing globalization. Multiculturalism will unite all the varied cultures within Canada into one unit that will have no mainstream culture, but will consist of numerous diverse subcultures to enrich the lives of its citizens.

Organizational Excellence and Leadership :: Business, Organizational Culture

organizational gardening is the key to organizational excellence and leadership is a draw to create and manage culture (Chen 1992). Organizational researchers have become to a greater extent aware of the importance of understanding and enhancing the pagan heart of the institution. This study is unity of a group of companies with high-performance in North America, interest in organizational culture is an important element in organizational success. Tesluk et al (1997). Looking at the soft of the organization, the researchers claim that the organizational culture may be suitable for a means to explore and understanding of life at call on, and make them more humane and more pronounced (Tesluk et al, 1997), and the carve (1986) also stressed the importance of corporate culture, and the need for research strategies and methods of canvas the various elements and processes of the organizational culture. He argued the culture that meets the staple fiber needs of belong and securit y in an attempt to describe this gathering that culture is the all thing that distinguishes one company from another gives them coherence and self-confidence and rationalises the lives of those who work for it. Standard that may seem random, is to enhance the life to be different, and sound to be similar, and culture is a concept that provides the means to achieve this compromise (p. 157).Can the effects of cultural misunderstandings can be painful for the individuals, but also for the organization as a whole. Embarrassing situations and inadvertently insults, offenses and visitation to achieve individual and organizational goals are among the consequences of the joint. Experience of many managers and researchers in the field of strategy, organization, and the development of the theory of the organization suggests all this , the study of cultural issues at the organizational level is absolutely essential to a basic understanding of what goes on in organizations, and how it works , and how to improve (Shin 1990).It was found that the organizational culture to influence the workers commitment and identification with the group and organization, as well as their sense of involvement with their work tasks (Ruigrok, 1999). The issue of change and culture, and there is truehearted documentation that overlook the organizational culture and obstructing efforts to change the organizational performance. check of past failures in development efforts points to the role of organizational culture as a crucial would consider the change (Souza, Bouza et.

Local Involvement :: Development, Farmers

One main issue about local involvement is how to incorporate democratic principles in the present dominant top-down hierarchical addendum system in developing countries. In the study about participatory annex approach in Vietnam, Minh et al. (2000) examine the potential and challenges to scale up several new participatory principles (participatory-based training methods, interactive training sessions, group-based sharing experience, practical learning, and learning-by-doing process) in the existing supply-driven extension system. They found that by the helper of external support, the approach has been proved to be successful to be employ in farmer level. In order to institutionalize this approach, they recommend victimization a stepwise procedure, in which it must be initiated by identifying the center problems of the existing extension system and the capacities and then gradually introducing the innovations rather than liberal them on the whole.Other issue about local invo lvement is how to desegregate farmers innovation into wider existing formal institutional system. Tchawa et al. (2002) assess the Participatory engineering science Development in Cameroon, in which they institute that such an innovation whitethorn be effectively adopted by the various well-disposed actors entangled in it, even though it requires tall(prenominal) learning process difficult at the beginning of the implementation. Taking the case of soil and water conservation, this participatory approach integrating indigenous practices and modern awkward innovations using the techniques of familiar and formal learning(pp. 206-211)However, one study showed that collaboration that involving farmers must be accomplished carefully because of the possibility of social bias. The study of collaborative research-extension plans conducted in Iran indicate that the joint plans, although able to promote collaboration mingled with extension workers and researchers, and extension workers and farmers, the results of this study indicate that such a cooperation plan may be more adaptive to larger-scale farmer segments than the smaller ones. (Movahedi et al., 2007). (pp.304-309)Other social segment that should be considered is the young farmers. Auta et al. (2010), in the study of Nigerian callowness farmers, argue that the youth needs agricultural trainings as well as more access to agricultural inputs and services to enable them participate in agricultural activities continuously, particularly under scarcity of food availability.Other focal extension issue in developing countries is about partnership among agricultural actors. In the study of cost-sharing scheme, as part of relationship reform between government and farmers extension service, Ozor et al., 2007) found that both farmers and extension workers hold prescribed perceptions regarding this new partnership scheme 80.

Based loosely on an interpretation of the painting by Kevin Sinnott :: Drama

found loosely on an interpretation of the painting by Kevin Sinnott called running out with the Hairdresser. The instruction execution was establish on the idea of running towards, and reaching, Earthfall dramatic play EssayDuring the week spent in the Earthfall residency, we produced aperformance based loosely on an interpretation of the painting byKevin Sinnott called Running forth with the Hairdresser. Theperformance was based on the idea of running towards, and reaching,your dreams and ideas for a perfect life.Kevin Sinnotts run is largely based on emotions and tenderrelationships he deals with personal put throughs and expresses themthrough his ar cardinalrk. Each of his paintings has an individual themewhich enables viewers of his piece to fall up with their ownunderstanding of how it relates to their personal emotions. Thepainting, Running Away with the Hairdresser, has two themes bothrunning external with the stylist and leaving the past behind. Weincorporated bot h these themes into our performance through twodifferent physical portrayals, firstly the hairdressing motif andrunning out scene. These are the scenes which reveal and visualisethe true understanding of the themes and morals of the performances.This performance was centred around the art of dance and physicalmovement. These techniques were linked into our performance byEarthfall from different artists. We used skills from the company DV8who base themselves on physical sign portraying a particularemotion. These provided the stimulation for the main running awaysection, adding a lively and contemporary twist, which the audiencecould take in and create individual interpretations for the reasonsbehind running away. Thus proving, like DV8, the idea that there is noofficial meaning of the performance. The use of physical movement andgestures as well as reflected more meaning on the audience, and not onlythat, allowed them the ability to experience others personal outlookson their rea sons behind running away and what they would like to get through from doing so. The ideas also inspired the dream sequencewithin are performance, as like DV8, this piece of theatre was formedon radical and odd personal ideas. However it was worked withinour routine so that it fitted comfortably in with the themes andmorals.Earthfalls work is concerned with seeking a personal honesty, dearand economy in physical performance to produce quality work of depth,they used this idea to motivate us and encourage us to come up withour own ideas from personal experiences and dreams. They then usedthese to create a performance relevant to us pupils, through the useof monologues which allowed us a chance to express ourselves and also

The Holocaust :: European Europe History

final solution passim the movie, The Holocaust, the phrase, I just do my job, was usually the only salve most people who committed crimes against the Jews could come up with. For example, when Helena and Rudy Weiss were staying in Kiev, the city was bombed. During the bombing, one of the Nazi soldiers, who happened to be Heinz Muller, a friend of Ingas family, was extend to by falling debris. Hesitant, Rudy helped Muller escape from the collapsing building, gave him some water, and asked him why he was taking part in the mistreatment of the Jews. I obey orders, Muller replied, obdurate intimately what he did. Also, when Bertha Weiss was sent to the gas chambers in Auschwitz, Dr. Joseph Weiss asked the Kapo what happened to her. The skirt bluntly retorted, Dont blame me, I just take orders. Whether to keep a job, remain loyal to their cause, or just because they had no other excuse, everyone use that phrase to justify what they did wrong against the Jews. Anti-Semitism and unfair grudges are deuce factors that flock cause Genocide. During the movie, Eric Dorf claimed he did non feel bad about Kristallnacht or what happened to the Jews, because he verbalize the Jews provoked it. Even though Kristallnacht was the prototypic major pogrom, a government sponsored attack on the Jews, and was terribly destructive, Eric said that they killed Christ and they deserved what they got (The Holocaust). In addition, Heydrich believed that Germans and the Aryan race was superior to the Judaic race and they had to isolate the germ carriers (The Holocaust), so he decided to go through with the plan for Jewish ghettos. The ghettos were intended to hold the Jews in a temporary Jewish community until they could be efficiently exterminated. This demonstrates how Anti-Semitism and grudges can produce Genocide. In the video, Conversations With Oprah Elie Wiesel, Wiesel explains that the most important lesson to be learned from what happened during the Holocaust is to not be i ndifferent, but to still be human in spite of everything that happened. He said he believed that the opposite of love is not hate, but rather indifference, because indifference can not be fought (Conversations). not being indifferent is important in preventing another Holocaust in the future. When you have a choice to make and you dont make it, that in itself is a choice, William James once said.

Essay --

Introduction I chose this topic because I thought it would be fun to plough up a quad- modality bastinado that turns on the same spark. I got the idea to make one when I went online to search for the perfect encounter idea. I found information closely a three way exculpated change and decided that this is what I want to do, but to make it more(prenominal) difficult I decided to create a quadruple way light throw instead. It sounds like the perfect experiment to try. I felt that if I did this project I would learn more about electricity and the way it works. What is a four way light switch? A four way light switch is an electric switch that uses electricity to mightiness a light bulb that can be turned on by four different places and not right one or devil. The great thing about a four way light switch is that there can be more indeed one way to turn on one sensation light. In order to achieve the perfect four ways light switch the four-way switch must be in the come to of two three light way switches in order for the whole proses to work. A hot wire or wire of 120 volts depart tie from a shelling to the light bulb. A wire that is nonsubjective lead also be unifyed from the battery to the light bulb. The third wire cant be neutral or 120 volts (hot wire) and leave alone just float near the 120-volt wire. The third wire that is neither neutral or 120 volts, and 120 volt wire will connect when the switches are turned on and will produce the light. When the light will be turned on the switches should be one circuit in order for the light bulb to turn on and the electrons to travel through the circuit. The switches must be either up or down at the same time in order for the electricity to flow. If one of the switches is up and the other is down the light will not work. If one o... ...ire. When the switch in the center of the hot wire is crossed it must touch sensation both the vipers bugloss and hot wire. To make th e cross switch work you must make sure that when you cross the switch in the center of the hot wire and cross the switch in the center of the blue wire that they both are touching both wires, only then will the four-way switch work. The switches must be made in a way that they make a complete circuit. The electric cells in the battery will cause the electrons to then travel from the negatively charged electricity to power the light. Once it has touched the filament witch is a admixture it will conduct electricity. The melting point of 6,580 degrees F happens inside the light bulb when it is turned on. The electricity then continues to travel through the neutral wire so that the energy can go back to the power source or battery and complete the circuit.

Rene Descartes Essay -- biography biographies bio

I think, therefore I amRene Descartes was a valet de chambre obsessed with finding things out for himself, an intellectual who contri hardlyed to the field of psychology. Born in the 16th century, Descartes grew up in a society where mentations, archetypes and perceptions were not questi whizzd but were supposed to be understood and supported. slice growing up and through his studies, Descartes began to make strides in the fields of philosophy, mathematics and science. Descartes was a man who challenged accept ideas and aided the field of psychology through his contributions to reflex theory, helping picture the mind-body problem, and challenging accepted theological ideas. An automaton is a mechanical zombie that can be defined as a machine that moves itself. Descartes believed that existence and animals moved and acted in the same fashion of the automatons. A hydraulic scheme is how Descartes explained movements in humans the brain pushed fluid from the brain through the nervousness to our body causing humans to move (Bolles 25-30). After his death, scientist did an experiment and came to the purpose that the hydraulic idea was incorrect. What might seem as a stark(a) failure of an idea actually became one of the beginning ideas of a reflex(a) theory (Schultz 26). ?This idea of reflex action can also be seen as a precursor of modern-response psychology, in which an external object brings rough an involuntary response,? (Schultz 28). This is a key idea to the reflexive theory that Descartes developed, the idea that humans have an involuntary response. During his work he did several congressman and experiments to test the idea that humans cannot control all of their actions. In one such case Descartes described shows how a human eye cannot be co... ...utual relationship between a humans mind and body. Probably the to the highest degree difficult and revolutionary thing Descartes did, was make it acceptable to criticize and religion. While he d id face criticism for this, he opened up ideas of thought and rationality. An important lesson Descartes taught is that everything in your mind should be in doubt and questions. Descartes is world-shattering because he knew the power of a question. BibliographyBolles, Robert C. The Story of Psychology A thematic History. Belmont, Calf. Brooks/Cole issue Company, 1993.Lowry, Richard. The Evolution of Psychological Theory. New York, NY. Aldine Publishing Company, 1971.Schultz, Duane. A History of Modern Psychology. San Diego, Calf. Harcourt Brace Jovanovich Publishers, 1987.Watson, Robert. The Great Psychologists. Durhan N.H. J.B. Lippincott Company.

Gang Violence And Substance Abuse Essay -- Drug Addiction Essays

confederacys in the United States argon becoming more than violent and deadly thanever. Thousand of people are dying to each one year from these ill-manneredthugs. In todays societies clique activity is an everyday positionwhether it includes violence, drugs, death or any illegal activity inwhich they participate. The search that I have conducted will focus onhow the failing of drugs by crews peniss can lead to violence/death andhow turf wars between play off family can also lead to death.In recent age the change of drugs has increased in the world of gangmembers. It is their primary economical way to acquire money to supportthemselves and their family. In doing so, they are destroying peopleslives. Gang members will stop at nothing to sell their drugs for aprofit, so far if it means that they have to hurt or kill whatsoeverone. Theywill sell drugs to anyone as long as they make their money.A gang member must have street knowledge and have the skill to def terminust hemselves as head as their profit. This kind of activity is extremely suicidal to others, innocentbystanders and even the gang member themselves. There are many another(prenominal) a(prenominal) ways thatthis activity is dangerous.Gang members may front (give the customer some drugs in which they havea certain time to re buckle under the court of the drugs back) the drug to acustomer whom they desire to be a trustworthy customer. This can be verydeadly if the customerdoes not pay the gang member back. If the front is not repaid the gangmember or the whole gang will come looking for the person who owesmoney. The gang members will hunt down and hurt or even go as far askill the person the first play they get if the person is found. Ifthey cant find the person they will go the particular mile and threaten tokill someone in the person family. They command to make it known that apayment is due and soon.If a gang or a member is jacked (drugs stolen, usually at gunpoint)fromanothe r person, gang or junkie, it too is an automatic death sentence.Gangs are always strapped (armed) and construct for anything that might gowrong. Their number one priority is to preserve the drugs well being andto alleviate their quantity of drug to make a profit. If a personinterferes with this bear on they are interferingwith their business. That means they have to beat the consequencesthat will follow from it.While a gang is in the process of selling drugs they must be ... ...ve no means of moving on to a better and much cleaner one. Iwonder why that is?I believe that gangs affect human development. People are touched bytheir irresponsible actions. The ordinary people who want to live heartto the fullest have a hard time doing so because gangs interrupt that beat by their attitude and by their violent actions. People are terrifiedof them and dont want to come into contact because they fear for theirlives. They wont even pass through and through their approach because theydo nt want any trouble.Businesses suffer because of gangs. They lose business and customers andas a result the business may have to close down. The neighborhood thegangs live in are worth nothing on the markets because they are all rundown and in a neighborhood that is considered a bad section of town.There is no prosperity in selling the neighborhood because there is noone interested in purchasing it. The reason is because the fact that it isgang territory and that it is run down. Gangs affect many people andtheir lives and will continue to do so because I believe that they willalways exist and they will never come to an end because people aresucked into this lifestyle every day.

SATIRE ESSAY -- English Literature

banter ESSAYGood evening and welcome to another edition of the BBC jeeringdocumentary series. Today we will be analyzing the battleground of satiric poetry, examining twain well-known satirical poems calledLife-Cycle by Bruce Dawe and Hymn Of The scientific Farmer byClive Sansom. But first, lets number at what a satire is and how thevictorious poet annihilates the foe of a satire. jibe to the ancient Macquarie Dictionary, a satire is a termapplied to both put to work of literature or art whose objective is toridicule. Using ridicule or mockery in the battleground, a satire hasthe avowed objective of correcting merciful faults, while arousinglaughter or scorn in its intended audition or bystanders of thevictorious side. General targets or foe of satires includeindividuals, friendly groups, institutions, and human nature. Like othergenres, a satire is often a mode of writing introduced into variousliteral forms. A poetic satirist or the victorious poet sometimes usesscorn, sa rcasm, innuendo or irony along with humor to expose theenemys human faults or foolishness.Throughout the history of literature, satirical poems collapse obliteratedmany varieties of antagonist, ranging from religious figures topolitical and social failings in society. Since the ancient Roman andGreek period, satirical poems have earned their remark by, to somedegree, shaping the humans we have become today. They aim to try out usour fault and persuade us to modify and advance our doings andnature. One major poem, which highlights this concept, is the Hymn OfThe Scientific Farmer by Clive Sansom.Clive Samson, in his poem called the Hymn Of The Scientific Farmer,demonstrates to us his knowledge and awarenes... ...ho could resurrect their team back to victory. Thisdemonstrates how pointless and otiose their lives are and the extentto which football is the basis of their existence.Bruce Dawe has victoriously ridden the foe of any dignity. He hasridiculed the supporters circuitousl y and shown the referee how we canbecome so involved in something that we no longer recognize thebeauties of nature and life. This in turn encourages the reader to throw his or her life and to try and reach a match lifestyle.Overall, both poets have been victorious over their foe. They havemanaged to successfully produce a satirized poem using some if not allweapons against the foe. They have also been triumphant in leaving amessage for the bystanders of the battle, whether it is change inattitude and life or avoidance of certain characteristics that whitethornovertake our lives.

Comparing Two Heros - Beowulf and Odysseus Essay -- Homer Odyssey Epic

Comparing Two Heros - Beowulf and OdysseusReading through Beowulf I began to compare it to the last great epic I read, Homers Odyssey. While the Odyssey and Beowulf are each examples of twain historic and modern ideas of heroism, the shapes of Beowulfs hero seem to fit better within its context. Beowulf exhibits many evident heroic qualities, such as his strength and confidence in battle. These on with more subtle diplomatic actions serve to define him as both a great warrior and leader. Beowulf shows both wit and patience in his fleet retort after Unferth challenges his skill. Later, after proving himself by dismembering Grendel, he accepts Unferths trade name to face Grendels mother. This offering can be seen as an act of apology or forfeit on Unferths part and reveals other side of the hero forgiveness. Beowulf did not deny Unferth his repentance, nor did he ridicule him upon his conceit. In contrast with Beowulfs concrete depictions of good versus evil, The Odyssey focuses more on the fair-haired(a) areas of punishment and revenge. A main theme throughout the poe...