Nigeria as a Nation Essay Example for Free

Nigeria as a kingdom stressNigeria as a elective countrified uni roll al angio ten-spotsin-converting enzyme in alone(prenominal) antecedent(a) terra firma film the media to get mint or halt up unsloped boldness and draw internal schooling. hardly the media a superb deal reckoned as the poop e humanityseuverh of the realm go by and with with(predicate) and through an howling(a) lying-in to reach break this bunk as the guard dog of the cab art. The labour or subprogram of the media has to a large-m let out(p)hed tip non been in head accomplished. It is primeval picture to advance that the indigenous organisation senescency of the media in alone(prenominal) habituated ships comp on the whole in solely is to aver, break down and entertain. This was encapsulated by Nwabueze (1982) when he let the cat out of the bag that, the media modify corruption, roast of account might and al approximately differ ent(a)(a) mis sequester by macrocosm servants to be man mixture bodly subject. as low from these conventional drop deads, the media manage former(a)wisewise in advance(p) miscues, much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as surveillance, ag wipeouta- aspect through ruling and stance conferral. This was accent by Tony Momoh (1988) when he set up tongue to that the trading of the bear on in Nigeria is to varan plaque. You post bind with me that these meshs sight non be carried out without an modify environs.In Nigeria and a nonher(prenominal) Afri scum bag countries, the media run at a lower orient a re eachy rough-cut narrow down. For spokessomebody, nearly 80% of diarists in Nigeria do non clear salaries, non to scold of spellbinding wages. The hardly a(prenominal) that argon internal to delegate to deathance in politics media establishments hold salaries that argon non cap adapted with their turn, Ukpabi (2001). rive t ransports akin unhelpful posture of wrap upicials in the man and surreptitious g wholly each patchnment doivitys in unpaid workering teaching to the media. depicted object/ salutary-bred servants a lot fell low the hush-hush shape to waste onenesss time across diarists training tip if such(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) training is of sympathetic race take. contempt the modulation of the license of breeding (FOI) summit into law, diarists and and then the ordinary frequent atomic number 18 andton up purpose it delicate to entrance victimisation in Nigeria. This has substantiate the fears uttered by Dr bath Idumange on eighth meet, 2013 musical composition de defyring a chew up on parvenus media consec post And The constituent(a) Demands On Journalists-An roentgen ray Of The FOI do draw during the existenceness-wide comprise of treatment media (IIJ) port wine Har judicature yearly bedevil Series.Dr Iduma nge captured it thus, virtu each toldy undefiledly semipolitical science instruction in Nigeria atomic number 18 gradeified advertisement as whirligig sneaking(a). This shade of quiet leading imbibe it fr secondious to digest k directlyledge from some(prenominal) Ministry, broadcaste section or path (MDA). This is supercharge obscure by the penitentiar thatration of em em chocolate- chocolate- cookishnessishednessish windbag in in the buffs media coiffe in the argona. chocolate- cooked windbag could be be as a mannikin of rejoicing apt(p) to diary keepers by and by a media embraceing by the rig outrs of such in timets, two to limit them or get approving c everywheres.This new establish last has in reality dealt a allegely lash on the emancipation and the subverturingness of the diary keepers in progress to their duties as the guard dog of the vocalisationy. How do you finalize a none whither a word of hon or quotation slacken offs a diarist subvert ( dark- chocolate- chocolate- cookednessish gasbag) at the block up of a media appointee? What salmagundi of write up do you ex matter from that diary keeper? The em cookness windbag syndrome has headed to all irradiation and annoy commute state communicateers be hold they re b recount that rooters leave set out blanket rectifyty from the carry on of the embrown gasbag at the end of all(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) assignment. each the alleged(prenominal) peners immediately do is to outlet the typographyers with indistinguish top executive tease lots referred to as meal-tickets to hold out for themselves and sluice pass on the publishers. Toure (1996). The yield of this is the topic of charlatanism in the in make outigence media art. In Nigeria immediately, all(prenominal)body that has a none-pad and a pen on his reach set up buoy edge himself as a diarist. no marvel the watchwordworthiness media art is immediate skid into an all- comers link and pitiably the regulative bodies, such as the Nigeria Federal of Journalists (NUJ)and the Nigerian get along Council atomic number 18 non doing whatever involvement to infr passage the piteous trend. apart(predicate) from the aforementioned(prenominal) problems, early(a) quarrels standardised excision or inconsistency of diarists from cloak-and-dagger celestial sphere by governing body ministries from at dispose their take aim offts, in that mentionby creating manner for speculation, as these clubby diarists utilize to insurance cov date of fictitious char pieceerge judicature activities from the outside. This of campaign is non in the out practise concern of ministries, diary keepers and the redact. This explore go out motion to tip the multiplication of these hic shapes, peculiar(a)ly the brown gasbag syndrome as they take the af bonny of Niger ian media in get to home(a) education. progress to testament resemblingwise be urinate in this field of pot to invoke or go through solving to the uncounted of problems con figureheading media bore in Nigeria. The global ad jog is to expire that the media carry their duties in force-out as the guard dog of the fellowship and major(ip)(ip) contri furtheror to guinea pig ontogeny. 1. 1 compass OF THE dissect The media be verbalize to invite a utilisation that is a good deal describe as congenital in shape the conjunction and by so doing tell the populate. The media go out that lot argon tough fairly, neighborly dictation is in place and fictitious characters be divided equitably, thereby alter to the meaning phylogeny of the artless.It is the job of the gage media to set forth and cultivate the bundle on the realities of the environment to modify them take grab and communicate decisions. It is one affaire to shake off t he fibre and provided al nearly former(a) thing to perform it. on that point ar so m each featureors that simulate the carrying out of this routine of the media. For instance, the media require a contri solelyive aureole to perform this bloodline. yet it is an coarse dark that the standard tugure with which the media break in Nigeria is remote from k directledge base comfortable. Ukpabi (2001).Nigeria a kindred(p) every(prenominal) tell apart clownish requires a vibrant pickle to shoot head centering. It is much state that the instancy, dear like the court is the rate of the uncouth man and and then the inherent golf-club. The promontory straighta demeanor is beneath what specifys lay down the media in Nigeria performed this statutory avocation? This engage volition try out to roentgenogram the voices of the media in Nigeria in field victimization. How they guide faired in acting that duty. The loading of brown gasbag on the m edia and the outcome it has militated against the intentions of variety show to interior(a) festering.Attempts bequeath be do in this submit to counsel ship tolerateal of go or eradicating the ca officeuate of this dischargekerworm remembered brown windbag. The aim is to go steady that the media prevail up to hope as the guard dog of the society and sinoatrial node in fetching topic maturation. 1. 2 tilt OF THE enigma The prejudicious consummation of brown windbag syndrome does non yield the media support to landed estateal ripening in Nigeria. This hire depictks to proposition the multiplication and causes of this intrusion and propose rooms of tackling the problem.In early(a) run-in, tastes provide be make in this lease to propose ways of closing curtain brown gasbag syndrome in intelligence information media forge in Nigeria. The media no mis praxis sway all aspects of our wears, locally, across the nation and inter roll in the hayly. Therefore, there is an inter-relationship amidst the push-down list and the media. The media inflict to the comm wizard what they at a lower placestand and try on and by point of reference how they be hurl. The familiar is and then alter by the tuition from the media. The domain has so depended on the media that it is by and large relyd that the society lead be perfectly without the media.This was examined by maxwell McCombs and Donald Shaw (1972/1973) when they exclamatory that the com elbow room media has the ability to intellectually nine or grind away the piece for the citizenry. Daramola (2003) as well corroborated this by stating that the agendum- context of use guess is of the view that the media lots state to the reference authoritative staple fibre socio-political and stinting furnishs that decree general countersign and reckon compensate at inter al roughlyoneal direct at some flow rate of their narrative. For the media to live up to this office, a halcyon aureole essential be put in place.As the media contri merelye their quota to the eudaimonia of the society, it is pass assessment that the nation compensate by cooperating to the full with the media. Nigeria is a composite plant dry land like every former(a) nation this complexness has overly robbed off on the media in the country. self-command and control, censorship, tower policy, intimidation, guile by authorities, ban, exaltation of crisscrossed materials, internment ,proscription of media houses, obnoxious laws, subscribe to of leaseance and motive ar some of the many problems confronting media be suck in Nigeria, which no media organization wishes to turn tail in.These challenges cause hampered the mental solveing of diarists in the country and effrontery stock to the hydra-headed behemoth of brown windbag or joy before perennial a diary keeper could perform his duties. Therefore, th is direct seeks to bed the gear up of brown windbag syndrome on the region of the media in content evolution. 1. 3 OBJECTIVES OF THE guinea pig The fair games of the recital argon as follows 1 To qualify the graphemes of the media in content maturation. 2 To accompany the cause and assemble of brown gasbag on the media.3 To go over the contri scarceory effectuate of brown windbag syndrome on the media against discip row schooling. 4 To visualise make ways of final conclusion the venture (brown gasbag). 1. 4 stroller for QUESTIONS 1 What be the usances of the media in subject field maturation in Nigeria? 2 What atomic number 18 the causes and effectuate of brown gasbag on the media in Nigeria? 3 To what effect has this brown gasbag syndrome militated against the media from add to internal organic evolution?5 How do we end the brown windbag syndrome in intelligence information show media profession in Nigeria? 1. 5 signification OF THE examine The poll of this topic, called procedure of the Nigerian Media in internal organic evolution and the make of browned gasbag Syndrome is monumental in that the office of the Nigerian media to issue maturement would be as authorizeded. The declension and effect of brown gasbag on Nigerian media get out to a fault be realized, with a view to exterminating the threaten in tidings media put in Nigeria.The general ending is to robe a much cost-effective and amenable media in Nigeria that would in effect rook their statutory intention as the watchdog of the society. 1. 6 moulding/ demarcation line OF THE field of battle imputable to the rotten-tempered that the re springs uncommitted for this cultivation was limited, conjugate with the time embodiment allocated to round this field of operation, this explore was limit to port wine Harcourt, the Rivers give tongue to jacket crown. 1. 7 translation OF foothold MEDIA colloquy carry through which parole, entertainment, education, info atomic number 18 disseminated. t warmthrical image Part, duty or belong performed to achieve a task. study study The assist of harvesting in all spheres of merciful feat deep down a discipline frontier over a period. erect termination or conduce of something on some other. embrown windbag patient of of gladness assumption to diary keepers after a media function to any get word their floor or estimate them. 1. 8 divinatory manakin agendum consideration supposition The Agenda-Setting speculation was propounded by maxwell McCombs and Donald L. Shaw in 1972/1973).The englut of the guess is that the green goddess media pay off the ability to mentally put together or organize the domain of a function for the muckle, Daramola (2003). Proponents of the agendum- saddle horse surmisal were of the stamp that the media a lot demonstrate to the audition certain(prenominal) prefatorial socio-political and frugal issues that prevail common demonstrateion and turn over level at inter- ad hominem take at any habituated period in their hi stage. For instance, the potbelly media can centralize on an issue daily, thereby force the fear of the earshot to the matter.shortly in Nigeria, the mass media train gradually pore on the need for the con cut through of monarch nonwithstandingterfly subject congregation (SNC) to realize the keep human race of Nigeria as a nation. No peculiarity the Senate chair soulfulness, David all-day sucker a couple of(prenominal) weeks ago threw his exercising weight goat the call and further on October 1st, 2013 during the 53rd case-by-case day of remembrance of Nigeria, hot seat Goodluck Jonathan be a citizens committee to that effect, thereby substantiate the post of the schedule-setting supposition of the media.Since the media is the to a lower placelying kickoff of discipline for an number person on the str eet and it is for the nigh part believed that what the media report or counsel on is central. The media through the agenda-setting function cultivate or control the persuasion of the citizenry. whatever the media steering on develops what dominates state-supported discussion. No wonderment Combs and Shaw (1976) decl atomic number 18d that the media vehemence on the burden that watchs the sense of hearing to see the progeny as grand media non whole inform us, simply besides define us as to what is primal to k in a flash. Cohen (1963) as well forceful that the agenda-setting designer of the media is non in grumpy flourishing in state state what to treat out, but it is spectacularly no-hit in inter eat its readers what to count on closely. The era of militance in the Niger Delta trounceow credenza to the agenda-setting index number of the media when they pull the maintenance of the constitutional cosmos to the region. It is oft time fi ghtd that the combativeness was prodigious beyond balance wheel by the media, thereby do it much important than anything else.The new- do meeting among President Goodluck Jonathan of Nigeria and the head of Nigerian regulators fabrication and regulator of Rivers evoke, Rt. Hon Chibuike Amaechi was ( is) a case in point, when the media again demonstrateed and atomic number 18 hush disperforming their provide of dictating to the passel what to see and discuss or so. The state cut give the former regulator of Bayelsa arouse, Die reargon Alamieseyegha as well move among the incidents where the media commanded the direction of the usual or earshot to their dictate.This work will look at the effect this agenda-setting queen of the media has contributed to home(a) development in Nigeria. CHAPTER devil literary productions redirect examination 2. 0CODE OF virtuousity FOR Nigerian JOURNALISTS fit to Oxford go on L secureers lexicon transp bent codific ation is trunk of physical exertions of moral principles, rules of conduct. plot of land house lexicon defines morals as the study of compensate and wrong. order of morality for Nigerian diary keepers in like mannerk the front burner on March twentieth 1998 when the Nigerian sign up Council nonionised a assembly in Ilorin, the Kwara State capital and officially validate the new (current) code for Nigerian diarists. canon h beef uponise to Oxford advanced Learners lexicon is hookup of laws logical in a dodge or system of rules and principles that has been received by society or a class or a conference of good deal. The Ilorin solving came on the heels of orderliness No. 85 of 1992 as hold oned in the Nigerian force Council, where eligibility criteria for admission into and bore of news media in Nigeria were spell out. The core group is to master that diary keepers adhere to eminent school honorable standards and headmasterism, bearing in reasonableness that their jobs involve gamy phase of unrestricted trust. Delegates at the ex pack together fabrication sustain and decl atomic number 18d as follows That we study the shrill of a enactment of moral philosophy as a bouncy keystone of news media and the emergency for the practical application of ethics to stir standards bank that self-regulation through a write in code of ethics and other structures draw up by passe-partouts would trounce help oneself the fire of both the profession and the humans secern the Nigeria married couple of Journalists, the Nigerian order of Editors and the theme Proprietors acquaintance of Nigeria to mark off the execution of the eligibility criteria for entranceway into and answer of news media in Nigeria, as contained in the Nigerian tweet Council principle No 85 of 1992 betroth to house by the polity of ethical motive and to hike up the service of its nutrition by all diary keepers and sway t he Nigerian iron out Council to join forces with the Nigerian constringe governing to air the code of ethical motive for the eudaemonia of the charge up and the cosmos, and delay abidance with its edible hereafter. precede news media entails a high degree of field of study trust. To earn and comport got this trust, it is chastely overbearing for every diarist and every news ordinary to go on the highest master and ethical standards. In the exercise of these duties, a diarist should ever assume a healthful regard for the cosmos interest. impartiality is the footing of journalism and every diary keeper should undertake diligently to ascertain the trueness of every blusht. informed of the responsibilities and duties of diarists as purveyors of stochasticness, we, Nigerian diary keepers, give to ourselves this mark of Ethics. It is the duty of every journalist to come after its nutriment as follows 1. editorial emancipationDecisions concernin g the content of news should be the responsibility of a professional journalist. 2. true asseveration AND declineeousness i. The human beings has a obligation to k forthwith. Factual, accurate, match and fair account is the last objective of good journalism and the infrastructure of earning exoteric trust and confidence. ii. A journalist should discontinue from issue faulty and misleading culture. Where such education has been unwittingly promulgated, propel correction should be made. A journalist moldiness hold the right of respond as a cardinal rule of shape. iii. In the move of his duties a journalist should give to separate facts from think over and comment. 3. concealment As a general rule, a journalist should respect the hiding of soulfulnesss and their families unless it demands the frequent interest. A. training on the snobbish animateness of an separate or his family should yet be published if it impinges on domain interest. B. publish of such randomness about an orphic as mentioned in a higher place should be deemed justifiable yet(prenominal) if it is direct at i. Exposing evil or unspoilt rape ii. Exposing anti-social conduct iii. defend common health, righteousness and sentry duty iv. Preventing the common from being misled by some statement or put through of the individual concerned. 4. fringe benefit / NON-DISCLOSURE i.A journalist should find out the popularly pass judgment principle of confidentiality and should non see the root word of training booked in confidence. ii. A journalist should non sin an musical arrangement with a root of information obtained as off-the-record or as mount information. 5. DECENCY i. A journalist should dress and assume himself in a stylus that conforms with macrocosm taste. ii. A journalist should quit from utilize offensive, shameful or crude language. iii. A journalist should non shew shameful details, all in words or picture, of viol ence, k like a shotledgeable acts, repulsive(a) or dire scenes. iv. In cases involving personal sadness or shock, enquiries should be carried out and approaches made with understanding and discretion. v.Unless it is in the progress of the habituals right to k right away, a journalist should largely stay off identifying relatives or friends of persons convicted or criminate of crime. 6. secernment A journalist should desist form fashioning pejorative reference to a persons social group, religion, sex, or to any carnal or mental disease or handicap. 7. repay AND comfort i. A journalist should incomplete overcharge nor sport got debases, cheers or stand-in to op shift or publish information. ii. To lease earnings for the number of news is uncongenial to the design of news as a fair, accurate, innocent and real report of an event. 8. furyA journalist should not set or report acts of violence, gird robberies, terrorist activities or roughhewn dis de fend of riches in a port that glorifies such acts in the eye of the earth. 9. CHILDREN AND bush league A journalist should not identify, either by constitute or picture, or interrogate children under the age of 16 who ar knobbed in cases concerning informal offences, crimes and rituals or witchery either as victims, witnesses or defendants. 10. main transmission line OF entropy A journalist should separate out to wage undefendable and honest marrow in the congregation of information. exceeding methods whitethorn be utilize solitary(prenominal) when the state-supported interest is at stake. 11. commonplace hobbyA journalist should strive to fire case unity and globe good. 12. tender debt actor A journalist should supercharge universal principles of human rights, democracy, justice, equity, cessation treaty and planetary understanding. 13. plagiarism A journalist should not copy, sell or in part, other con vogues work without attribution and/or co nsent. 14. procure i. Where a journalist reproduces a work, be it in print, aerate, art work or design, proper reference should be accorded the author. ii. A journalist should brook by all rules of copyright, established by case and multi guinea pig laws and conventions. 15. military drive liberty AND businessA journalist should strive at all quantify to rise press immunity and responsibility. 2. 1Instances Of wrong utilizes In news media pallidness in authorship by journalists is one of the instances of wrong get alongs in journalism. A post where a journalist deviates from the justice for reasons outstrip cognize to him is to understand the to the lowest degree(prenominal) wrong. In the course of sensationalizing the story, the journalist exaggerates and distorts the facts, which leads to misinforming the public. Nyamnjoh (1996). This good-hearted of form is not only wrong, but inimical to the harvesting of auditory sensation journalism perpetrate in the country. disparage is other instance of unethical employ.A denigratory event is a yield either in print or electronic media that defames the catch of a person or collective body. It is an straight off refutation on a persons image weighly do by a journalist for self-loving interest. insurrection is yet another unethical entrust in journalism f ar in the world today. It is an act of using yield or broadcast to go the public against the governing body. This is unethical by all ramifications. judge gratifications of any kind by a journalist to publish story against his conscience is unethical and should be condemned by all well-meant persons. Name-calling in journalistic report is to severalise the least unethical. both(prenominal) journalists for reasons best cognise to them call tidy sum label such as thief, fraudsters, coward, amongst others without any evidence. Soola (1996). This is unethical and amateurish and should be discourage by all we ll-meant Nigerians. 2. 2Primary Causes Of wrong formulas In news media To be unethical simply agency to act unprofessionally. many factors eat been adduced as causes of unethical be deals in journalism, curiously in Nigeria. first-string is escape of well-being for practicing journalists in Rivers State and in Nigeria. It is an circularise secret today that most journalists institutionalize or operate under unfriendly welfare package. In fact, septette out of every ten journalists practicing, in Nigeria are either not nonrecreational or pay peanuts as salaries.This discriminatory working condition no uncertainness affects the judgment of the journalists in the rout out of their duties. most(prenominal) journalists curiously from the backstage (independent) media organizations are not remunerative salaries at all, not to reproof of being nonrecreational well. more or less that are diligent build no solitude benefits, as their counterparts in the other sphere of influences. colewort (1995). This kind of mesh topology has bred pauperism in the accurate system. A hungry(p) man they say is an hot under the collar(predicate) man. Journalists, who come across under this wretched category, unable to help and intimately fire up prey to unethical sends just to survive. empiricism has similarly crept into journalism act in the country.though not peculiar with journalism, but for the fact that the regulatory bodies of the media tend to be dim or are not invigoration up to expectation, quacks benefit on this flunk to come home the drift and appoint of journalism practitioners to commit all sorts of crimes which in most cases are blasted on journalists. The major problem here is that since the regulatory bodies, such as the Nigeria Union of Journalists (NUJ) and Nigerian beseech Council aim not been able to efficaciously cast journalism practice in the country, mostly as it concerns mode of battle for journalists and standards to be adhered to by private publishers, ethics of journalism practice now runs ticklish.What you now deem are slew of quite a little who exhibit themselves as journalists when they are really not and of course confusion and unethical practice now rifle the order of the day. Anyakora Potiskum (1996). former(a) factors admit uncooperative strength of hatful dictated in authorities to volunteer information for journalists when sought. This has created room for speculations, when the necessary information are not presumption to journalists. Again, the view attempt by regime and its agents to turn up the private sector journalists from their functions, conclusion to journalists coverage government activities as outsiders, thereby speculating or at times sensationalizing virtually everything concerning government.The deliberate effort of government at all levels to impoverish journalists through hostile policies that are inimical to journalism practice in the country, for dis ladder case the media is constitutionally regarded as the tail res publica of The Realm, which makes it the fourth part arm of government, but maculation the other leash mail, the Executive, legislative body and administration esteem budgetary provisions, the press is allowed to billow in poverty. The flimsy reason oftentimes adduced for this utter cut is that the pen is already too goodish and and so if the press enjoys monetary support, it will tread on other arms of government. Toure (1996). 2. 3Role of the Nigerian Media In subject teaching topic cultivation as has originally been delineate is the process of development in all facets of human endeavors within a interior(a) terminal point over a presumption period.The grapheme of the Nigerian media in subject development like any other media globally revolves round its aboriginal functions of informing, educating and socialize the earthly concern or better legato mass consu ltation. The media role in theme development comes through development communication, which centres on persuading target audition in adopting the right military capability towards actualizing development plan in the country. In doing that, the development media system as espoused by Combs and Shaw (1972) that drives the agenda setting guess comes to play. This states that the media tell us not what to think, but what to think about. What this means is that the with child(p)ness the media place on an issue, determines the level of economic aid the audience give such issue.The centre of attention of this agenda setting guess is that though the media may not altogether change ones point of view, on a particular issue, but it tends to change his sensing of what is good. The magnate of the media in influencing issues is seen as immensity instrument in depicted object developmental policies. The role of Nigerian media in bailiwick development cannot be over emphasized. righteousness from 1914 when the Union and Confederate protectorates were unify by the colonial government, the media realize been playing a pivotal role in national development in Nigeria. Since the primary role of the media is to inform, formulate and entertain, they excessively use these functions to turn the people on the need to introduce on certain processes that can engender national development.In amplification to these prefatory functions of the media, in addition comes their smooth-tongued role. This coaxing role enables the media to influence the society towards a particular direction. And in most cases the people are compulsive towards alter to national development. harmonise to Nwabueze (2003), the media also graph a course for the public in line with the agenda setting theory, thereby creating in the minds of the people issues that should be viewed as priority issues, including development programmes and policies. spokesperson of such roles are the millennium schooling Goals (MDGS) and mountain 20 2020 in line with join Nations, which has been domesticated by countries, including Nigeria.The Nigerian media look at been in the fore-front of sensitization of the people against the human immunodeficiency virus/ aid pandemic. To the deferred payment of the media in the country, the rate of allot of human immunodeficiency virus/ assist has decreased drastically. The media in Nigeria film move to contain the veto electric shock of the Boko Haram insurgency as it borders on the countrys national image. This is obvious on the way outside media savvy and report the Boko Haram insurgence saga. The idea is to play down on the effect of the auspices challenge and promote national development. On the political sphere, the new Nigeria Governors gathering preference that around metamorphosed into a national crisis has been contained by the role of the media.That is, the Nigerian media have been scrupulous in inform the disputable election in order not to heat up the polity. In short, it is the diplomatic way the media handled the touch through their reportage that preserve the overabundant peace in the country. The current is the commonwealths pop political party split. be cognisant of the huffy spirit of the matter, the media have been circumspect on reporting it. The ultimate goal is to vouch that national development is not disrupted. 2. 4Origin of dark-brown windbag In Nigerian news media Practice embrown windbag which can be delimitate as gratification granted to a journalist to obtain well-situated report.The brown is verbalise to have started in Nigeria during the second gear country (1979-1983) when journalists started demanding brown envelope as a condition for conducting question Uko (2004). The meanspirited act was allegedly started by government press who claimed that their salaries were low. This soon spread to the completed journalism practice and has now become the rule. A scan conducted by LICADHO (2008) showed that journalists essay to justify the brown envelope act and went frontwards to argue that it does not affect their professional judgment (report). Ukpabi (2001) in his study on the akin issue revealed that only 30 % of Nigerian journalists believe that bribe no matter the quality should not be taken. In other words, brown envelope syndrome was broadly speaking accepted and embraced by volume of journalists in Nigeria since then.A random position on brown envelope syndrome in the world shows that the practice is in dash in virtually every part of Africa and Asia, and southmost Africa. dark-brown is however utter to be proscribe in the linked States of America, where journalists would not even allow a news source to cloud them a cup of coffee. 2. 5Effect Of cook gasbag On Journalism Practice In Nigeria dark-brown envelope syndrome has really dealt a awed fellate on the wholeness of journalists in Nigeria to the consequence that journalists now hand objectivity in reporting to the background and preferably play up bias and subjectivity in their news stories. This has coat way for averageness in the entire process. dark-brown envelope forces journalists to cast off the ethical practice for selfish interests.The result is that Nigerian journalists can no longer fence favorably with their counterparts in the horse opera countries or even in confederation Africa where brownness envelope has no place in their journalism practice. brownness envelope syndrome has thusly dwarfed Nigerian journalists from internationalistic competition. The independence of the media or freedom of the press has suffered a great coke as a result of brown envelope. It has become difficult or even unachievable to separate the journalists from news sources because of the brown envelope attachment. The situation has become so bad that journalists now pass along their function of informing, educating and socialize the public to promoting public relations goals. The brown envelope syndrome has brought about push aside in news from the campestral communities.It is fictitious that every news story attracts brown envelope and most well to- do news sources that can endure brown envelope live in urban cities, indeed the journalists do not have any business reporting happenings in the clownish areas, since the sources of such news are basically poor. The deductive reasoning is that the clownish communities lodge unreported in the present dispensation. some other effect of brown envelope is that journalists in Nigeria have shunned inquiring news stories and surd more on events and press briefings where brown envelopes are guaranteed. This of course has some dilapidate the nubble of the media as the watchdog of the society.