The Effects of Politics through the Policies and Programs - 275 Words

The Effects of Politics through the Policies and Programs (Essay Sample) Content: The Effects of Politics through the Policies and ProgramsAuthorà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s NameInstitutional AffiliationThe Effects of Politics through the Policies and ProgramsThe elderly, usually referred to as the countryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬s senior citizens, are those individuals who are generally more than sixty-five years of age, and they are no longer working because they retired from their employment. In the US, the senior citizens are usually found at the center of numerous issues of social policy, most prominently the Medicare and the Social Security. Usually, security is the program of social insurance that entails the benefits of survivors, disability, as well as retirement (Gardener Gilleskie, 2012). For one to qualify for such benefits, most of the American citizen employees pay the taxes for Social Security on their earnings and their future benefits are utterly based on the contribution of these workers. The administration of the Social Security was established in 1935 as pa rt of the "New Deal of President Franklin D. Roosevelt. The Social Security has become the hugest welfare program in America, consisting of 7% GDP and 37% government expenditure. Millions of Americans get more than $700 billion annually in Social Security.The Congress came up with the Medicare in 1965 under Title XVIII of the Act of Social Security. Medicare offers the insurance covers of health to the senior citizens baseless on medical history or income. The population of Medicare varies in substantial ways from the general population. When compared to the remaining Americans, the enrollees of ...

Middle East Countries with Nuclear Weapons

The Music Of Ludwig Van Beethoven - 1701 Words

Marcus Gonsalves Dec 9 2014 Music 173 Research Paper Ludwig van Beethoven Music has been around a long time and is a big part of America’s history. There are many styles of music such as, Rap, RB, Jazz, Classical, Oldies and so on. There has been many great composers throughout the years, these people are legends that will stand for ever such as, Beethoven, George Frideric Handel, and Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart. The one artist that I’m going to write about in this paper is the one and only Ludwig van Beethoven. Beethoven was a deaf German composer and the main musical figure in the transitional period between the Classical and Romantic period, he was known widely for being a composer and pianist. Ludwig van Beethoven being famous composer. He loved Classical and romantic. Classical is the relating to the ancient Greeks and Romans. The romantic times was known as the artistic, literary, and intellectual movement that originated in Europe toward the end of the 18th century and was at its peak in from 1800 to 1850. Beethoven was a German composer and a pianist. He will remain as one of the most famous and influential of the composers from all the times. He was on December 17, 1770 in Bonn, the capital of the Electorate of Cologne and part of the Holy Roman Empire. And he died March 26, 1827 in Vienna. He displayed his musical talents at an early age. He was taught by Johann van Beethoven which is his father and also by Christian Gottlob Neefe. HisShow MoreRelatedThe Music Of Ludwig Van Beethoven1600 Words   |  7 PagesLudwig van Beethoven is known for much of his musical accomplishments. One of his most famous is that he is deaf and yet one of the best musical composers of the classical and romanic area. Beethoven has always been one of my personal favorite composers. When I grew up and started taking piano, Beethoven s Fur Elise was my first large classical piece. Ever since that point on I insisted that when we were in Germany we see his home, and that we did. In this essay I will be explaining Ludwigs YouthRead More The Music Of Ludwig Van Beethoven900 Words   |  4 PagesLudwig van Beethoven All throughout music history lived many composers that have impacted not only the societies in which they have lived in, but modern-day society as well. These particular composers have given many societies the chance to listen, feel and express themselves through music and instruments that were invented centuries ago that still remain essential components of music today. One example of a composer that changed the music world drastically was a man by the name of Ludwig van BeethovenRead MoreThe Music Of Ludwig Van Beethoven1408 Words   |  6 PagesLudwig van Beethoven When I was 7 years old, my parents signed me up for music school. I did not want to go to music school, but they wanted me just to try. In first class we were just listening classical music and it really sounded boring. But when Beethoven’s fifth symphony came on, I fell in love with classical music and I wanted to study it even more. My sister was also in musical school and she played piano and when I came back from school, I was begging her to play me some of Beethoven’s piecesRead MoreMusic: Ludwig Van Beethoven1670 Words   |  7 Pagesï » ¿ Music is might not be the universal language but it plays an important role in human culture as well as the society. Music is not only provide entertainment but it is also a tool for a composer and listeners to release emotion. The best well-known for his inspiring power and expressiveness music is Ludwig van Beethoven. He was a musical genius whose composed some of the most influential pieces of music ever written. During t he Classical period, Beethoven’s compositions were the expression as oneRead MoreThe Music Of Ludwig Van Beethoven1739 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the course of history there has never been a more influential, creative and versatile composer as Ludwig Van Beethoven. If not for his ability to expand the way in which music is created, played and heard, current music would lack the polyphonic sound that is needed in order to create texture and depth. Beethoven is believed to be purely a classical composer. However, to the contrary he can also be considered purely romantic. His compositions consisted of a form that was never heard beforeRead MoreLudwig Van Beethoven : An Impact On Music733 Words   |  3 PagesLudwig Van Beethoven No other composer or musical artist has made as big of an impact on music as Ludwig Van Beethoven. He influenced many other composers, and made some of the most beautiful pieces that are still played today. It is truly amazing that he was able to master his craft and become questionably the greatest composer that has ever lived, despite having a condition that would seem to make composing music impossible. Beethoven, being born so long ago, does not have an exact recordedRead MoreLudwig Van Beethoven And Western Music1262 Words   |  6 Pages Beethoven is perhaps the most famous musician of all time. Ever since his death in 1827, he has been a principal figure in the history of Western Music. His influence later on was so enormous to other composers, that it actually intimidated them. Ludwig van Beethoven was born in 1770, to a family of musicians at the royal court of Cologne. His name descended from his grandfather, who settled in Bonn in 1732. Both his father and grandfather were professional musicians who performed at the courtRead MoreMusic Composer Beethoven. Ludwig Van Beethoven Was One980 Words   |  4 PagesMusic Composer Beethoven Ludwig van Beethoven was one of the most famous German composers who played a huge role in pioneering the transition of music from the classical era to the Romantic era. His work in concerto, symphony, sonata, and quartet is considered instrumental in expanding both the scope and reach of music. He also came up with a new way of combining vocals and instruments. Beethoven struggled with auditory decline for most of his life, and was nearly deaf toward the end. InterestinglyRead MoreLudwig Van Beethoven, The Man Who Changed Music1003 Words   |  5 PagesBailey Selwitschka’s NEWSLETTER December 4, 2015 Ludwig Van Beethoven, The man who changed music Biography Ever since childhood, Beethoven has loved music. He claims that his father used to teach him, at a young age, every day and night upon returning home. Beethoven reigns from a house of seven children, though sadly, only three boys survived, of whom Beethoven was the eldest. Beethoven’s father was a renowned musician atRead MoreLudwig Van Beethoven And His Influence On Classical Music1402 Words   |  6 PagesLudwig van Beethoven is a revered figure in the history of classical music in today’s world. Born in Bonn, Germany, he underwent strict guidance from his father who aspired to mold him into the next generation â€Å"Mozart.† Sailing through the tides of social, political and cultural revolution, Beethoven became a renowned composer and rose in ranks in the history of classical music. Although succumbed to deafness in his later years, Beethoven had left behind a phenomenon legacy which took the stage

Everyman - 1518 Words

NAME March 8, 2012 English 102 â€Å"Everyman† Research Paper Thesis Statement: â€Å"Everyman† is an English morality play that uses allegorical characters to depict what Everyman values throughout his life. Everyman has not been living a virtuous life focused on God and his kingdom but instead places a high value on â€Å"worldly riches† and goods. As the play progresses Everyman is summoned by Death and realizes he is not ready to die and doesn’t want to do it alone. He repents of his sins and looks for someone to accompany him on his journey to give an account of his life to God. He quickly realizes that the things he held dear to his heart during his earthly walk will fade and abandon him; he must die alone and his Good Deeds are†¦show more content†¦Everyman confesses his sins to Confession. Goods also reminds everyman that the love of goods and possessions is the opposite of the love of God and of the divine. Following the process of confession and penance, Good Deeds is now strong enough to join Everyman. Knowledge tells E veryman to call on the last of his friends Discretion, Strength, and Everyman’s five Wits and Beauty. As soon as Everyman approaches the grave his last four friends’ desert him, even Knowledge cannot go into the grave with Everyman. Good Deeds is the only one that goes with Everyman to heaven. An Angel then welcomes Everyman into heaven. Doctor is the final character in the play, he warns us that if our â€Å"deeds are small before God there will be no help, there are no amends after death even mercy and pity will forsake us† (Anonymous). The Doctor reminds everyone that good deeds and living a pure and virtuous life should be our focus during our earthly walk and that Beauty, Strength, Discretion, and Five Wits will forsake us all in the end. The scholarly Doctor advises us that if our â€Å"deeds are small before God there will be no help, there are no amends after death even mercy and pity will forsake us† (Anonymous). â€Å"The medieval morality play Everyman, personifying such abstractions as Fellowship and Good Deeds, recounts the death journey of Everyman† (Allegory, 2010). The author makes it clear that nothing is as important in life as death. It is also made clear that death inShow MoreRelatedEveryman-a Medieval Play Review2976 Words   |  12 PagesA Review of â€Å"The Summoning of Everyman† Summary Everyman is a play which was written to express the importance of morality, to whoever read it or experienced it being performed on stage. Some scholars say that it was written sometime in the late 1400’s, while others insist that it is a translation of a Flemish work called â€Å"Elckerlijc†, which was written by Peter van Diest in 1495. Everyman is an allegory play which is heavily based upon ChristianRead MoreEveryman Is An English Morality Play By An Unknown Author1493 Words   |  6 Pagesas â€Å"The Summoning of Everyman†, â€Å"Everyman† was writing sometime during the late 1400s. â€Å"Everyman† is an English morality play by an unknown author. This play first appeared in England in the 16th century. â€Å"Everyman† can be considered as a play of transience because it shows a protagonist who is during the whole play. It also illustrates the way Christians are expected to live and the endeavors that should be made in order for their lives to be saved. The morality play â€Å"Everyman† is about a man whoRead MoreEveryman688 Words   |  3 PagesAuthor’s Perception of Death â€Å"The medieval morality play Everyman, personifying such abstractions as Fellowship and Good Deeds, recounts the death journey of Everyman† (Allegory, 2010). The author uses symbolic names for characters to emphasize the moral of the play. â€Å"The characters in an allegory often have no individual personality, but are embodiments of moral qualities and other abstractions† (Allegory, 2010) The author sees death as important as life, especially when death comes to makesRead MoreEveryman1653 Words   |  7 PagesEveryman Liberty University Online English 102 i. Thesis/ Introduction ii. Summary of Characters and what they add to the play a. Messenger b. God c. Death d. Everyman e. Fellowship f. Kindred g. Cousin h. Goods i. Good Deeds j. Knowledge k. Confession l. Beauty m. Strength n. Discretion o. Five Wits (Senses) p. Angel q. Doctor iii. Perspective of Death rRead MoreEveryman: The play1213 Words   |  5 Pagesthe play Everyman, death is embodied as a representative of God that visits the plays central character, Everyman. Death takes hold of the readers’ interests because it is such a profound word. It is a burdened, aggressive, penetrating word that replicates an actuality that every human will have to come to accept. Death is an adversary in the play that signifies physical death. The author recognizes the consequences of death and uses that knowledge to bring in the reader. In Everyman, the authorRead MoreThe Somonyng of Everyman 1244 Words   |  5 PagesEveryman is a morality play revolving around life, death, good and bad deeds. Everyman, Death and God are the main characters used in the play, in order to bring out the plot of the story. The play uses allegorical characters in order to address Christian salvation, and ways of achieving salvation. The play argues that both good and evil deeds of a person will count, when God makes the final decision on death of a person. The perception and treatment of death plays a vital role in developing theRead MoreWilliam Shakespeare s Everyman, The Summoning Of Everyman1378 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction and Thesis Statement The full title of â€Å"Everyman† is â€Å"the summoning of Everyman†. It is a morality play known by many people because every character involved in the play is imperative for the plot as well as the morality interpretation. However, Death takes most of critical role (Goldhamer, 1973). Everyman is the main character but without Death, the play would lack its illuminative and illustrative nature. Nonetheless, the author depicts Death as the messenger of God, cruel judge asRead MoreEveryman1579 Words   |  7 PagesA RESPONSE TO ATHEISM PHIL 201 D44 LUO August 18, 2011 A Response to Atheism In reading McCloskey’s article it’s obvious he is searching for definitive proof that God exists. He is unable to find proof and therefore comes to the conclusion that God must not exist. He believes that the existence of evil discredits arguments made in support of believing in God. There is not one single thing in this world that we can know definitively without looking at the evidence. You have to look atRead More Everyman Essay635 Words   |  3 PagesEveryman â€Å"Everyman certainly fits the mold of a typical medieval mystery play. Ominously, the play begins with God perceiving how all creatures be to [Him] unkind. Men, it seems, commit the Seven Deadly Sins far too regularly, and their only concern seems to be their own pleasure. Angered by this casual manner humans have adopted toward Him, God decides a reckoning is in order. He summons his mighty messenger Death, eerily and effectively personified for the audience members. GodRead MoreEveryman Essay637 Words   |  3 PagesThe play Everyman is a perfect representation of public literature from the Renaissance period. The anonymous author reveals through the morality play that everyman should be prepared for judgment at any time because, Suddenly, [Death] come[s]. (Scene 1, Line 81) This, as with all allegorical works of that period, was constructed under the direction of the Roman Catholic Church to strike fear in to the hearts of men and, in doing so, have power over them. The church succeeded by censoring all

Reality Televisions Influence on Society - 794 Words

Reality television tries to disguise what is really going on in the television shows. The actors and producers shine a false spotlight on â€Å"reality†. â€Å"Reality television is defined as a ‘TV show observing real-life situation: television programs often deliberately manufactured situations, and that monitor their emotions and behavior’† (Paredes 26). Reality television is a bad influence on our society today due to the popularity, decision making, and misconduct of the individuals shown. People in today’s time can be compared to the time period when The Lady or the Tiger by Frank R. Stockton was set. Today’s world lets reality television and live shows influence their decisions by trying to make it look like powerful individuals have control over their own lives when in reality they don’t, just as the characters in the story allowed the trials to give them entertainment at the expense of someone’s torture. Reality televisi on is very popular. People would gather from near and far to attend these trials that were just as popular. â€Å"When people gathered together on one of the great trial days, they never knew whether they were to witness a bloody slaughter of a hilarious wedding† (Stockton 300). These people never knew what they were going to see next so they kept going. The visitors of these great trials were intrigued by the thought of never knowing what was coming next. Reality television as a whole is very popular as well. Television programs that present people in real lifeShow MoreRelated Television and Society Essay763 Words   |  4 PagesTelevision and Society In Marie Winn’s Essay â€Å"Television: The Plug In Drug,† she states, â€Å"Television’s contribution to family life has been an equivocal one.† Winn focuses on the issue of televisions influence in the lives of American families. Her emphasis is on the mediums influence on children. Although she makes a strong case for the negative influence of television, she fails to consider all of the benefits television has brought to American families. On its own, the television is neitherRead MoreThe Negative Effects of Television on Children in Society Essay1308 Words   |  6 Pageschildren watch 28 hours per week. The effect of television creates negative development in children. Television is one of the biggest contributions to the growing amount of obese children in North America. The amount of glorified violence in today’s society can be attributed to children watching high rated television shows. Many young children are involved in promiscuous beha viour. This might be a result of what they had seen on a television program. A good deal of advertising companies advertise onRead MoreWhy Reality Television Is Harmful Essay example695 Words   |  3 Pagestelevision shows in today’s society are The Biggest Looser, Jersey Shore, and Big Brother. These programs and many others are classified as reality television. Reality television’s main purpose is to attempt to portray ordinary people in unscripted situations. Recently, however, many of these shows have achieved in creating the complete opposite, and have earned an immense amount of criticism as a result. Reality television programs are detrimental to society because they influence bad behavior among teenagersRead MoreAfrican American Stereotypes Reality Television1531 Words   |  7 PagesReality programs have dominated television networks since their rise in popularity began in the early 1990s with MTV’s The Real World. The reality genre quickly gained vi ewership as it redefined the formulaic set up of televisions shows from the past. Reality television has infiltrated television because networks prefer low budgets for their programs that also generate high ratings (Hasinoff, 2008). People watch reality shows because they are intrigued by the seemingly â€Å"real† drama with ordinaryRead MoreThe History of Television Essay1473 Words   |  6 PagesHistory of television and its influence on people lives. How did television revolutionize the world? TV, more commonly known as ‘television’ is one of the greatest inventions of the 20th century. In ancient Greek tà ¨le means ‘far, and in Latin visio means sight. From my perspective and many people of the world television has changed the way we live. Television has brought many amazing things, however nothing is perfect. Television sets were commercially available since the late 1920s but in veryRead More Influences of Society Essay645 Words   |  3 Pages What Influences Society? nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Society seems to influence all ages by poisoning our minds with lies and aggression. People all over try to act like different souls because of what we see on television, hear on the radio, and view in the movie theaters. Everyone try’s to dress different, act different, and change their whole life style just to be known like a certain movie star, or singer. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In our society today, it is extremely important to payRead More Postman: Rant or Reason? Essay1694 Words   |  7 PagesThe arguement starts out in a logical manner, explaining first the differences between todays media-driven society, and yesterdays typographic America. Postman goes on to discuss in the second half of his book the effects of todays media, politics on television, religion on television, and finally televised educational programs. All, he says, are making a detrimental imprint on our society, its values, and its standards. Postman explains that the media consists of fragment[s] of news (100), andRead MoreThe Effects Of Reality Television In Our Society Can Be1509 Words   |  7 Pages The effects of reality television in our society can be seen within the people and even within the government. Reality TV has affected our society in some drastic ways. Reality television started off by showing families supporting each other and being loving, this no longer the case in the year 2017. Reality TV is now promoting acts of aggression, twisting the society s morals, and values. This genre of television has greatly influenced some preposterous behaviors within teenage viewers and undoubtedlyRead MoreMy Appearance, By David Foster Wallace1874 Words   |  8 Pagesexamines television’s role in American culture especially in making pop culture. In fact, this topic has been widely reflected through literary works in contemporary literature. Using â€Å"My Appearance†, â€Å"E Unibus Pluram: Television and US Fiction† and other sources, this paper will discuss the way in which David Foster Wallace depicts Pop culture and people as slaves of television and how this relates to the modern society. â€Å"My appearance† enables Wallace to approach television’s influence on AmericanRead MoreThe Roles Of Latinas On Television1087 Words   |  5 Pagesthat television bring to its audience, allow people to have a better understanding of what television is all about. However, the lack of women presence in television especially Latinas’ inform society something else. Latinas exclusion within the television industry portrays a distorted view of America’s society. The lack of diversity in television demonstrate that there’s still a lot of work to be done to reach equal representation and grant better opportunities for everyone. Historically, the absence

Drugs and their uses Free Essays

Disappear Disappear is commonly used to treat a wide range of conditions. These include anxiety, panic attacks, insomnia, seizures, muscle spasms, restless leg yeomen, alcohol withdrawal, Benedictine withdrawal, opiate withdrawal syndrome and miner’s disease. Sanitation sanitation is a hypodermic drug used to control elevated cholesterol or hyperventilation’s with exercise, diet, and weightless. We will write a custom essay sample on Drugs and their uses or any similar topic only for you Order Now Aspirin Aspirin is an antiparticle medicine. This means it reduces the risk of blood clots forming in your blood. Co-coda Co-coda is a compound analgesic which consists of a combination of codeine phosphate and perpetrator, used for relief for mild to moderate pain. Postman Postman is a phosphate drug used for several bone diseases including osteoporosis. Brushfire (Lasso) Brushfire (Lasso) is a loop diuretic used in the treatment of hypertension, congestive heart failure and edema. It’s also used for hepatic cirrhosis, renal impairment, nephritic syndrome, and in the management of severe hyperglycemia in combination with adeptest reiteration. Do you know what these drugs are? Meteoroid (Cellophane, Reamer, Glummest, Forefeet ) Meteoroid is an oral antibiotic drug in the beguine class. This drug is for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, in overweight and obese individuals with normal kidney function. Warfare (Minerva) Warfare is an anticoagulant normally used in the prevention of thrombosis ND thrombosis’s, the formation of blood clots in blood vessels and their migration elsewhere in the body. Responding (Airspeeds) Responding is an antispasmodic drug mainly used to treat schizophrenia, specification disorder, the mixed and manic states of bipolar disorder and irritability in caustic individuals. Citizens Citizens is a second generation antihistamine used in the treatment of hay fever, allergies, angiosperm and artistic. Together (carbonized) Together is an anticonvulsant and mood stabilizing drug used primarily to treat epilepsy and bipolar disorder as well as triggering neuralgia. How to cite Drugs and their uses, Papers

Mangrove Swamps free essay sample

Mangrove swamps are a type of coastal wetland found on five out of seven continents between the latitudes 30? N and 30? S. Mangrove swamps are rich communities of both vegetative and animal species. The swamps are unique in the fact that they are a highly vegetated area found on the edge of marine coasts. The major vegetation in this area has adapted to absorb its water from the sea, and its oxygen from the air as opposed to the soil. This environment serves as home to many animal species, and home and nursery to many aquatic species. Because this type of ecosystem requires such a unique environment, it is often in danger of disappearing. These communities are not only threatened by human development, but also by global warming and natural occurrences such as invasive species. These ecosystems are not only important because of their species diversity, but also because they serve as buffers between the land and sea. We will write a custom essay sample on Mangrove Swamps or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Discussion The majority of mangrove forests are found within 30 degrees of the equator in both the northern and southern hemispheres and appear on every continent except for Europe and Antarctica. This means that they are located mostly in tropic climates though some have been recorded in more temperate regions (Warne, 2007). Climate has a large effect on the growth of mangroves because it determines the amount of available radiation and warmer temperatures. Precipitation in the richer mangrove forest is usually greater than 1250 mm (49. 2 inches) per year (â€Å"Mangrove ecology,† 2010). Historically, it is believed that the earliest mangrove swamps emanate from the Indonesian/Malaysian region. This theory is believed to be true because this region is where these swamps are most frequently found (Lauri, amp; Gibson, 2000). The mangrove ecosystem evolved around 114 million years ago (â€Å"History/evolution of mangroves,† 2010) and spread through the unique floating propagules (buds) of the major mangrove species (Lauri, amp; Gibson, 2000). Ocean currents carried the floating buds during the early Cretaceous period to land in India, East Africa, and the Americas (â€Å"History/evolution of mangroves,† 2010). The parent material for mangrove swamps is very similar to that of any coastal wetland. This is because mangrove swamps occupy the terrestrial edge between estuary wetland and marine waters. The soils are sandy with areas of heavy peat deposits created by copious amounts of plant litter. Mangrove swamps cannot form along cliffs because the mangrove tree species only grow on low gradient slopes (â€Å"Tour of mangrove,† 2008). The red mangrove species produce the peat deposits characteristic of the mangrove swamps. The peat is acidic and is capable of dissolving the limestone found underneath (â€Å"Ecology,† 2010). Mangrove swamps are named after their dominant vegetation. The mangrove swamp is divided into three zones: the proximal zone, the middle zone, and the distal zone. The proximal zone (also known as the red mangroves) is closest to the waterfront. This area is subject to the effect of the tides. The main plant species found in this zone include Rhizophora apiculata and Rhizophora mucronata. These plants have adapted to the waters edge by forming long aerial prop roots that attach the plant to an otherwise loose sediment bed (â€Å"Tour of mangrove,† 2008). These waterfront plants are highly adapted for absorbing seawater and securing nutrients from the peat. These mangrove tree species force positively-charged magnesium ions into their roots which repels the positively-charged sodium ions in the sea water, but the plant can still absorb the freshwater, forcing out the salt. The roots get their oxygen from the air through exposed roots rather than from the oxygen-poor soil (â€Å"Tour of mangrove,† 2008). On rockier coasts, species such as Avicennia Spp, and Sonneratia Caseolaris can be found. The middle zone (also known as the black mangroves) is located above the high tide. These tree species absorb the salty seawater an then later excretes the salt through the leaves (â€Å"Tour of mangrove,† 2008). Some of the species included in the middle zone include Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, B. Cylindrica, Lumnitzera racemosa, L. littoralis, Ceriops tagal and Aegiceras corniculatum (â€Å"Mangrove ecology,† 2010). The tree species that are located in this zone specialize in the growth of pneumatophores. Pneumatophores, in botany terms, are aerial roots that specialize in gas exchange. These specialized roots allow the plants to receive oxygen outside of the oxygen-poor soil (â€Å"Tour of mangrove,† 2008). Lastly there is the distal zone (also known as white mangroves). This zone is the farthest back and can vary based on the region. Excoecaris agallocha, Heritiera littoralis and Xylocarnus spp are the major species in this zone (â€Å"Mangrove ecology,† 2010). These species secrete salt through their leaves also but they do not have to rely on pneumatophores as heavily as plants in the other zones (â€Å"Tour of mangrove,† 2008). Mangrove swamps are home to many unique species. Mangrove swamps are very diverse because they are located in an environment that is partially aquatic, and partially terrestrial. These wetlands are home to all different types of insect, crustaceans, fish, reptiles, and some mammals. Particular species that stick out in Indian mangroves include the mangrove crab (Scylla cerata), the fiddler crab, the Salmona butterfly, Hybloea puera (a moth), Telescopium telescopium (a mollusk), the mudskipper, and the royal Bengal tiger. The species Telescopium telescopium is an indicator species for the health of the Indian mangroves (â€Å"Mangrove diversity,† 2010). Mangroves, depending on where they are in the world, may have some more species indicative of those respective areas. Climate change poses a significant threat to mangrove wetlands. Sea level rise is a direct result of the increasing global temperature due to climate change. Sea level rise forces the swamps to move inward toward the center of a landmass. This causes the swamps to shrink because they can only move inward so far until they reach an obstruction on the land. Currently sea level rise is increasing in some areas while decreasing in others. If it continues to increase in certain areas, there could be considerable loss over the next century (Gilman et al, 2006). Management and conservation of mangrove swamps is a very difficult issue. These swamps are important not only because of their dense biodiversity, but also because they can serve as a protective barrier to the coast during strong storms and tsunamis. Because local governments hold the most power over unprotected mangroves, it is hard to protect them from human development. Many mangrove swamps are sacrificed for aquaculture, port facilities, saltpans, hotels, golf courses, and farmland (Warne, 2007). Another conservation issue is non-point source pollution. Buildings and farmland surround many swamps, which drain into the freshwater tributaries surrounding mangrove wetlands (â€Å"Mangrove swamp,† 2010). Some natural threats to mangrove ecosystems include harmful algal blooms, climate variability, and invasive animals and plants. Climate variability is one of the most influential factors in mangrove survival. Climate change can affect both the average air and water temperature, which is important to mangrove plant and animal species in terms of growth and hatching. (â€Å"Mangrove swamp,† 2010) Sea level rise is a management concern that comes directly from global warming and recent climate change.