Key Elements of National Framework Policy †Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About the Key Elements of National Framework Policy? Answer: Introduction Child abuse is a problem that has surfaced worldwide for quite a long time. It is deeply rooted in social, economic and cultural practices. Children undergo various hazardous forms such as kidnap, neglect, forced employment, poor working conditions. Sexual abuse, physical and emotional abuse among other forms of abuse. Most children living in poverty are more predisposed to exploitation and child abuse. In Australia the rates of child abuse have been on the rise, this is according to a report by Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. This report indicated that reports of abuse had risen by 3% between 2011 to 2012.This report further reported that the 93% of children were in foster homes due to child abuse. The highest number of reported cases of abuse involved children below the age of five years (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2016). Due to the increased number of this statistics, the National Framework for Protecting Australias Children was established. National f ramework for protecting Australias Children (COAG) policy in Australia aims at ensuring that children in Australia are protected against any forms of exploitation or abuse. Statement of the policy where it requires the state, territory and Commonwealth government and the NGOs to corporate in protecting Australias children against abuse. An agreement to effect the national framework policy among the state, commonwealth, and territory organizations as well as non governmental organizations. A series of three-year action plans that outline the long-term approach in protecting Australians children (Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2013). This policy contains enriched steps and procedure to ensure that children are protected across, the state, commonwealth and territory governments as well as the non-government organizations. Below are some of the procurers stipulated; Confidentiality of information gathere Addressing risk factors surrounding child abuse Circulating the workshop agenda to stakeholders Ensuring that disclosed abuse are exposed to the community. History of the COAG policy The National Framework for Protecting Australias Children was established on 30 April 2009. The Council of Australian Governments endorsed it after the reported increase in children who were being exposed and abused in Australia. The mission statement for the national framework was that it is everyones business to protect children. These governments in collaboration with non-government institutions in Australia worked together in developing a national approach whose aim was to eliminate the child exploitation and abuse in the nation. This national framework was planned to be established in a series of three-year action plans. This action plan was outlined in this manner. 2009-2012: The First Action Plan This was the first established plan by the state, commonwealth, territory government and the non-governmental sectors. It was the foundation of how the entire nation was going to improve the wellbeing and safety of the children. All the government sectors and non-government sectors planned to move on forward in unison in eradicating child abuse. There were more than 70 actions plans for the first three-year action plan (Australian and Council of Australian Governments, 2012). These actions were grouped into four major categories. The first category was the ongoing initiatives for children and their families. Secondly, the actions were grouped under national priorities; these were those proposed by the government on child protection. Thirdly, there was the category of social reform agendas, which stipulated the major reforms to be undertaken. Lastly, there were the community actions, which involved the society initiatives on the issue of child abuse. (Australia and Council of Australi an Government, 2010). The first three-year plan constituted of various achievements. The first achievement was transforming of young people from out-of-home care to independence. Secondly, the plan achieved working with children checks .thirdly; the plan was able to achieve offering support to those people taking care of the children. Fourthly, the plan was able to provide national standards for out-of-home facilities. Finally, yet importantly, there was an achievement in establishing of a national childrens commissioner in Australia. 2012-2015: The Second Action Plan. The second three-year plan began in 2012 and was completed in 2015. The major emphasis of this action plan was to establish partnerships locally with the diverse Australian communities. The main aim of this action was to create local solutions for every local community; this is the realization that a standard approach for all the communities did not respond well. Every community has different needs from another. Thus specific strategies are required. The government and non-government sectors set other strategies during this period. First, there was the early intervention to children lives. Secondly, collaborating with services such as mental health, drug and education and health services in assisting the abused children.In this plan, it worked towards strengthening the first plans achievement, in ensuring that children in Australia are safe in their growing up. At the end of the third year, there were four major achievements made by the action plan (Council of Australian Governments and Australia, 2012). First, there was the establishment of the Child Protection National Minimum Data Set.' Secondly, there was testing of Child Aware Approaches strategies that were responsible for developing partnerships with the governments and the non-government sectors. Thirdly, they achieved establishing the very first national report on the set standards for out of home care. Lastly, the action plan achieved transforming TILA (Transition to Independent Living Allowance). 2015-2018: The Third Action Plan. The territory, commonwealth, and state leaders endorsed this third action plan in 2015. The third plan presents a unique combination of measures. This includes putting more emphasis on child safety and early involvement in the childs life, and among Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal children. There are various strategies set out by this action plan. The first was organizations to respond in a better way to children and young people for their safety. The second strategy was early focus and intervention in the life of a child, preferably, the first 1000 days. The third strategy, assisting those young people in out of home care to ensure their safety as they grow into adulthood and become independent. Fourthly, the action plan has strategized to develop and establish child safe organizations. The last strategy aims to ensure that Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander communities are offered better support to reduce the figures of children who need help among their families. This act ion plan is still in place, and its focus is on reporting and research as well as the Torres Strait Islander and Aboriginal families (Australia, 2015). Responsibilities of the government in the policy The government of Australia is fully responsible for children protection from abuse or exploitation through this policy in Australia .the government leads to the establishment of this policy while closely working with other territories, states, and other non-governmental institutions. The main responsibility is to ensure that this policy is well stipulated and delivered and positive results are achieved. Another responsibility of the government is implementing reforms child protection legal systems. It has also been involved in engaging the non-government sectors into the policy to ensure, that every persona and body is involved in protecting children in Australia from abuse. Child protection policy The policy of National Framework for Protecting Australias Children fits well in Australia, due to the actual increase of child abuse in Australia. This nation has reported an increase, in the number of children undergoing exploitation every year, hence something needed to be done in the organization. The development of the national framework on child protection and safety is a bold move by the government in ensuring the protection of children and ensuring that the cases of child abuse reduce in Australia (Fighters against Child Abuse Australia, 2012). This policy aims at addressing and making changes to the abuse of children that is rampant among families in Australia. The main objective is to find solutions in curbing child abuse and ensure that the abused children get maximum support in recovering from the abuse. The policy aims at establishing and building child-care organizations, that will help to solve the assist the abused children and to ensure that effective measures are ta ken against those people or organizations found mistreating children. The policy problem According to a report by the Australian Institute of Health Welfare, there were more than 55000 reports of child abuse between the year 2007 and 2008.However, within the last ten years, Australia has reported a continuous increase in the number of children who are abused on a daily basis. Additionally, more reports of child neglect have been on the rise as well in this nation. This increase in the number of child abuse is accounted to the changing of social values in the society. In the past, child protection was needed only in the place of physical abuse. However, today there has been emotional abuse, sexual abuse, domestic violence and neglect to children and more protection to children needed. The drivers to increment in the child abuse in Australia can also be attributed the knowledge and increased awareness of the safety and protection of children, in addition to changing social values. The reason, why the number of children who are abused, remain not known, is that the society has not embraced the act of reporting child abuse. Most cases are realized after the death of the children. Thus, the national framework is faced with the problem of changing this fact. It is creating awareness to familiarize the community with child protection services. Furthermore, it is imposing necessary measures to reporting the child abuse among families in the society. For the community to adopt this policy, a lot of awareness needs to be done among the families in Australia. Assumptions underlying the problem There are various assumptions underlying child abuse in Australia. For instance, In Australia, child abuse was based on physical abuse in the past; this has been the assumption among some families. They believe that child abuse is only in the physical form, thus not considering neglect or emotional abuse to children. This assumption has seen an increase in cases of child abuse in emotionally. Secondly, there is the assumption of unreliability, where the society in Australia has always view children as unreliable witnesses. The assumption here is that children live in fantasy and most of the time their evidence may be biased and inaccurate. They view children as egocentric and believe they can invest a make-believe world (Spencer and Flin, 2008). This assumption has hindered the eradication of child abuse, as most of the time, the information may be considered inaccurate. This assumption has caused the law in Australia to indicate that it is dangerous to convict and make a judgment on a childs evidence. This assumption has led to many abusers go free, and children continue to suffer in silence. This creates a major hindrance in solving the problem of child abuse in Australia. Thirdly, there is an assumption on sexual abuse, where the attacker is always considered to have a mental health condition or to be sick. This assumption has led to victims, suffering in silence due to guilt and fear of shame. The language used by the society when it comes to child abuse is the main cause of continuous sexual abuse by close people to the family. The society needs to stop having the mind concepts that the victimizer is sick and not of sound mind. Again the language associating sexual abuse with shame should be dropped. This will enable that these children who are sexually abused can be able to speak it out without guilt, to seek help (Bromfield, 2012).lastly in Australia, there was the assumption that parents who were very sick or evil neglect children. They were first to generalize, this as a rear occurrence. Another assumption was born from this; the society assumed that having evil parents or very sick parents is rear. This has led to children suffering internally since many people consider neglect not to exist. However, on this assumptions, the society needs to acknowledge that they need to change their language and see things differently in light so that children can be protected from sexual abuse. Stakeholders involved in the policy. In the National Framework for Protecting Australias Children policy, it stipulates that everyone in the society should be responsible for protecting children against abuse and ensuring they have a good livelihood. The policy states that the responsibility belongs to all (Council of Australian Governments and Australia, 2013). Under this policy, the key people are outlined below. Territory and state governments These stakeholders are very crucial in identifying the child abuse among children and families. The state and territory government set up various initiatives to prevent child abuse in the society these initiatives include, for instance, early interventions into the life of the child. They also are responsible for funding and supporting the strategies set by non-governmental sectors. The state government is responsible for coming up with legal systems for child protection as well as delivering education and health services to the abused children. Furthermore, it has contributed to justice systems, which allow children to be witnesses in cases of abuse and seek protection. Lastly, the government is involved in conducting extensive research on child abuse and protection. The Australian government The Australian government is responsible for the provision of support to families in raising their children. This is majorly in financial income to the families. Furthermore, the Australian government provides a wide range of other services, such as employment, child and parents support, law system to families and Medicare services to disadvantaged families. It does not only support children when in home care facilities but provides monetary support to them when they start living independently. Non-government organizations These sectors contribute actively to child protection safety and ensure government services are offered on their behalf. They also take part in the establishment of programs and policies that help to identify child abuse activities and ensure the eradication of such concepts. The society The community plays a major role as stakeholders in this policy. The society is responsible for protecting the vulnerable members of the society from more abuse and offering emotional support to them. The community is also responsible for assisting families in raising their children properly without abuse. Parents Parents play a major role in bringing up their children well and ensuring that they do not undergo any form of abuse. They are responsible for making wise decisions on their children activities and ensure safety all the time. Young people and children Children have the role of reporting on any cases of abuse they encounter and seek help whenever it is required. Local government The local government ensures support to vulnerable families by providing infrastructures such a youth and family centers. This would ensure that vulnerable family is offered moral support in the centers. Corporate sector The business also plays a vital role in children safety. They may be involved in activities that promote the raising of children in friendly policies in the business such as taking children in skills-building seminars. The corporate sector is also involved in offering some financial assistance to support the vulnerable families. Lastly, corporate sectors, support the programs and initiatives set upon for child protection. Recommendations Child abuse can be looked at as the denial of the children rights as well. This may be a major issue facing children out there, where they do not go to school because the parents do not ant them to or the children are forced to attend a school that they do not like. This may cause the child to develop depression that may have significant effects on the child. Many children are born with different disabilities and may be added by being ridiculed by family members. This policy should consider developing measures to help those children who are abused based on the body formation or defects. The government should ensure that disability education centers are built for those children who continuously face abuse at home and parents do not take them to school. This policy leaves out the establishment of legal measures to any person, who is a suspect to child abuse or found guilty. The territory, state and local government as well the nongovernmental sectors, should develop strict measures to be given to the law system in Australia, stipulating on how such cases should be handled. The policy also overlooks the importance of the media in creating awareness in Australian on child safety. The government of Australia should consider child abuse a major disaster in the country, a measure to prevent the abuse of children. References. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. (2016). Young people in child protection and under youth justice supervision 2014-15. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, (2013). Scoping reportable measures for the National Framework for Protecting Australia's Children 2009-2020: Supporting outcome 1: working paper. Australia., Council of Australian Governments. (2010). Annual report to the Council of Australian Governments: Protecting children is everyone's business: National Framework for Protecting Australia's Children 2009-2020. Canberra: Dept. of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs. Australia. (2015). Driving change intervening early: National Framework for Protecting Australia's Children 2009-2020: third three-year action plan, 2015-2018. Australia., Council of Australian Governments. (2012). Protecting children is everyone's business: National framework for protecting Australia's children 2009-2020: ... three-year action plan. Canberra, A.C.T: Dept. of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs. Bromfield, Leah. (2012). Child protection in Australia. (Child protection systems: an international comparison of "good practice examples" of five countries (Australia, Germany, Finland, Sweden, United Kingdom) with recommendations for Sweden, pp. 150-181.) Switzerland: The Swiss Project Fund for Child Protection. Council of Australian Governments., Australia. (2012). Protecting children is everyone's business: National Framework for Protecting Australia's Children: second three-year action plan 2012-2015. Canberra, A.C.T.: Dept. of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs. Council of Australian Governments., Australia. (2013). Protecting children is everyone's business: National Framework for Protecting Australia's Children 2009-2020: annual report to the Council of Australian Governments 2011-12. Canberra, A.C.T.: Dept. of Families, Housing, Community Services and Indigenous Affairs.

The Recently Leaked Secret to Examples of Biography Research Papers Disclosed

The Recently Leaked Secret to Examples of Biography Research Papers Disclosed The Nuiances of Examples of Biography Research Papers Typically, the goal of a capstone project is to fix a specific issue or problem associated with your upcoming career, using your current knowledge. The range of the project ought to be clearly identified and significant to the business. You might find it helpful, particularly if you can't decide what topic to choose just read a good example of capstone project proposal. Capstone projects have turned into an inseparable portion of the learning process in many disciplines and specializations. As soon as you have noted down what you already know, think about the characteristics of the subject's life that you want to concentrate on. You begin with an introduction. The entire procedure of writing a research paper can take appreciable time because there are many facets to think about. 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Writing an Argumentative Essay About Sports Topics

Writing an Argumentative Essay About Sports TopicsWhen writing an argumentative essay about sports topics, the student should take into consideration the fundamental belief of his or her subject matter. Since, the sport is in a class for students to compete and enjoy, it is logical that students should learn about sport events from the sides of their favorite players and teams. The argumentative essay on sports can be short, no longer than two to three pages, and can be made to fit the essay topic; many times this essay will go into the history of the sport, its beginning and development, or some form of extracurricular activity the sport has created.Writing an argumentative essay about sports should be a combination of the facts, history, and opinions of those involved in the sport. While the sport itself should be mentioned, the most important part of the essay is the opinion and viewpoint of the writer, and how his or her viewpoint differs from the prevailing opinion or viewpoints . The next part of the essay should be an essay on why the writer believes his or her opinion is the correct one, and what he or she hopes to accomplish by writing it.To write an argumentative essay about sports, you will need to start by creating an outline for the essay. This outline will help guide you in the entire writing process. It will also help you organize your thoughts and ideas into an organized and coherent theme for the entire piece. Even if you do not write the essay, but plan to do so, the outline can serve as a tool to help you prepare your writing before you begin to write.Once you have the outline, you need to break down the various opinions and beliefs that can be found in your essay and assign points for each one. Remember, each opinion can be based on many different factors. Keep in mind that all opinions are correct, but only one is the correct one.Do not make the mistake of giving an entire paragraph or two for each opinion you consider correct, but rather ma ke the case based on facts, statistics, and simple things that a reasonable person would believe. Remember, if your opponent does not believe in your opinion, then you do not know much about the topic, and may not be able to convince that person with the facts. Just because you happen to think something is the case does not mean it is correct, just because someone else does not believe it is not the case.You need to find the proper context to bring your argument to life, and should not try to force your viewpoint into the essay. After all, the essay is about the opinions and beliefs of those involved in the topic. Make sure that you use the appropriate phrasing to describe your opinion in a manner that will bring the issue to life.Finally, after you have gathered the facts, you need to write your essay. You can use the outline to help guide you in this process. Just remember to follow your outline, and to use the correct tone and manner to describe your position, and your facts, sta tistics, and opinions will be very easy to relate to.Writing an argumentative essay about sports topics can be made simple and enjoyable. Just remember to always include the truth of your opinion, and do not force your point of view.

How to Write an Academic Essay About Abaabout Topics

How to Write an Academic Essay About Abaabout TopicsWriting an academic essay about Abaogy Topics is one of the most daunting tasks in all of college writing. Writing an essay on a topic that has been already covered by hundreds of other students, professors and instructors is incredibly difficult.On top of that, an academic essay about a religious subject will undoubtedly bring a storm of controversy to the table for your fellow students. So how exactly should you go about writing this type of essay?Firstly, if you are trying to write an essay about Abaabout Topics, then you need to know exactly what it is that you want to accomplish in terms of presenting the material you will be using in your writing. After all, you need to make sure that the materials you will be using are relevant to your topic.In order to do this, you need to think about what you want to do with your Abaabout Topics essay. Do you want to have a humorous tangent, or do you want to turn your abaabout topics into something with a bit more substance?Next, you need to know what type of essay you want to present in your academic essays. Do you want to make your paper seem more fun, or do you want to make it seem more serious?Furthermore, if you are going to write an Abaabout Topics academic paper, then you need to know who else will be reading it. In other words, does it best benefit your classmates to read it with them, or should you just let your grade reflects your own self-advancement?Finally, as you try to write an Abaabout Topics academic paper, you need to come up with a summary of the material you will be using in your abaabout topics. A written summary will make it easier for you to go through your essay later and keep your students updated on what they need to know.To recap, Abaabout Topics is difficult, especially when it comes to academic essays. However, if you know exactly what type of paper you want to write and know what your objectives are in writing it, then it can be done.

Academic Essay Writing Sites

Academic Essay Writing SitesAcademic essay writing sites are very popular in today's online world. They provide educational, interesting and exciting reading material to students for their studies. Students can write with ease through these sites and they may even be able to improve their English grammar skills by doing so.Whether you are a student or a teacher, a tutor or a parent, it is very important to know the best essay writing sites to use for your studies. These websites do provide ideas for essay topics, but they have different formats to present those ideas. There are many types of sites which contain essays which include author articles, book reviews, job profiles, reviews of books, literary classics, interviews, web content, podcasts, surveys, wikis, news reports, school activities, photos, recipes, etc. A few of the other types include educational blog sites, encyclopedia sites, informational websites, philosophy websites, sports websites, political websites, translation websites, and multimedia sites.One of the most used formats in writing academic essays are the categories. It is a unique way to organize and categorize topics, ideas, problems, and solutions that are related to the topic of the essay. These categories may also help when editing the essays.With the Internet, more of these online essay writing services are also available. If you want to look for a quality essay writing service, try to read the ratings and reviews of the writer. Some of these sites provide their services free of charge but some of them have different charges. Once you select a good site, you will get a comfortable reading material that you can put in an editor.Sites also have forums where students can discuss about the topics of their essays. So, students can learn from the experience of other students. For example, if a student wants to learn from another student's writing technique, he can read the content of the forum and then seek more information from his teache r's assistant.Online writing sites are very effective if you consider the resources available for free. The free resources will help you identify which type of writing is suitable for you. You can read on related topics about how to edit and revise your work. You can get tips and tricks on how to improve your writing skills by learning through the website.These useful forums may also help you search for other resources related to your subject. Some forums provide article submissions, tips and hints for improving your essay. If you find that there is no suitable forum to meet your needs, there are always discussions forums and discussions lists. These contain blogs which can be very useful for sharing your own writings as well as others.

Perception of Time Essay Example

Perception of Time Essay We often brag about the technological and scientific developments of todays modern society and how we benefit from these advancements. The barriers that were once created because of the diversity in culture were brought down by the modern trend of globalization. Culture is societys main foundation that is deeply rooted in our native land. Culture is a broad term encompassing tradition, ways, and means of leaving, traits and values. Every individual belongs to a certain culture to which he has to fit his activity, values, and attributes. Everyone is raised within the confinements of his or her own culture and brought up by beliefs, traditions, values, and traits which conform to the standards set by the culture that has long been intact in our society. The line of conflict between humans with regards to their culture starts when what is culturally acceptable to us may not be acceptable to others. Even science that we used to think is universal and adheres to generally accepted human principles is predominated with the culture of the people from the western hemisphere (Bartholomew 36). Some behaviors that do not comply with the standards of a certain culture are often remarked as an abnormality or deviance. Thus, even though science applies universal scientific principles, it is never neutral in determining what is deviant or abnormal and what is not (Bartholomew 36). It can never really explain why some cultures do certain practices that are not culturally accepted in other countries. We will write a custom essay sample on Perception of Time specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Perception of Time specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Perception of Time specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We used to separate behaviors and label them as normal, moral and legal. Other traits, practices and rituals that do not fit in what is accepted in our culture are recognized as otherwise. These activities reflect a persons prevailing norms, values, and beliefs that he adheres to at a particular time and place (Bartholomew 36). The psychological aspect that is responsible for the discrepancies in peoples culture and how it affects our perception is cultural relativism. Cultural relativism is a theory of knowledge that is responsible for the persons judgment on what is deemed as acceptable. This judgment is anchored to his or her beliefs, values, and attitudes that are shaped by the culture he or she was accustomed to (Bartholomew 37). Hence, the culture of individuals influences their perception on things around them. They view things according to their existing beliefs and values. Time is also perceived differently in many cultures. Individuals see time differently today than the people in the past used to ages ago. Through the invention of time devices, the people of modern times are able to track time by the hour, by the minute, by the second, and even by the millisecond. Thus, the people’s perception of time molds them and their minds. The ancient people were only aware of the fundamental time—the night and day. They used to determine time by making interpretation of the celestial and heavenly bodies. Through the use of these methods, humans also acquired an understanding of the future. They perceived the future in terms of contingencies of cause and effect relationship. People were able to utilize their environment to develop a perception of time. Their ancient clocks and calendars were the daily motion of the sun and moon, as well as the season changes (Falk n.p). In 1895, H.G. Wells book, The Time Machine, was made available for the public. Wells fiction novel opens to people the possibility of traveling through time. The idea seemed impossible, but well-known Albert Einstein explained that attaining the ability or means to travel to the future or to the past is not improbable (Gott 8). Einstein proposed his theory special relativity in 1905, describing the possibility of time travel based on the description of how time is measured differently by moving and still observers. It is further strengthened by his mathematics professor Hermann Minowski, looking at time mathematically as the fourth dimension (Gott 8). With all the psychological differences explained by cultural relativism, the different perception of time in each culture and society, and the possibility to travel through time, a clear, if not precise, definition of perception of time can be attained. 2.0 Sources Edwin A. Abbot in Flatland: A Romance of Many Dimensions provides an overview of a two-dimensional world and guides his readers through some of the implications of life in two dimensions. Meanwhile, Robert Bartholomew, in his article â€Å"Borderlands: Deviance, Psychiatry and Cultural Relativism,† explores the problem with cultural relativism, basically defined as the principle in which the belief of an individual is analyzed and interpreted in relation to the individuals own culture. Ray Bradbury in â€Å"A Sound of Thunder† warns us that traveling to the past can be dangerous. Antonio Damasio, in his article â€Å"Remembering When† explains the concept of mind time. Dan Falks â€Å"Past, Present, Future PERCEPTIONS OF TIME THROUGH THE AGES† presents differences in perceiving time through different ages. Richard J. Gott, in his book Time Travel in Einsteins Universe: The Physical Possibilities of Travel Through Time, discusses applications of time machine, wherein time travel is possible and how time travel can be explained in terms of physics and quantum mechanics. Dorinne K. Kondo in her article â€Å"On Being a Conceptual Anomaly† presents her experiences as a Japanese American woman. Robert Levine in A Geography of Time: The Temporal Misadventures of a Social Psychologist analyzes what it means to live beyond time or by time event. Richard E. Nisbett in his book The Geography of Thought: How Asians and Westerners Think Differentlyand Why confronts conjectures of well-known philosophers with a different take on human thought influenced by cultural ideologies and principles. The videotaped program Only Human presents few experiments which were created to learn various aspects of human behavior. The book How to Think About Weird Things: Critical Thinking for a New Age by Theodore Schick, Jr. and Lewis Vaughn provides strange assertions and ideas abound in culture to illustrate the rational assessment of any claim. Finally, the videotaped program Time Travel shows that space is curved, time is relative, and time travel is theoretically possible. 3.0 Results People live by the underlying rules and principles in the society where they belong. They adhere to the maxims and dogmas that have long been in existence. They pattern their everyday life according to these unwritten rules that governing the society. To conform to the traditional beliefs and values is to live harmoniously with the other people. People coexist in a society that must adapt and do what is culturally accepted to avoid being ostracized by the general public. 3.1 Perception As mentioned earlier, cultural relativism explains the peoples differences in perception. People’s judgment differs from one another because they pattern things according to their cultural preferences. If something fits their criteria as prescribed by their culture, then it is acceptable for them. Standards set by culture create cultural diversity in the world. According to Richard Nisbett, Westerners and East Asians looked at things differently resulting in dissimilarities in understanding. This is due to the difference in environment, social structures, philosophies, and educational background. In addition, it was discovered that Asian thought is holistic or a functional relationship of parts and the whole. They do not much rely on formal logic or categories. In comparison to the Westerners, people from the west mostly rely on formal logic to understand their behavior. In Dorinne Kondo’s article, â€Å"On Being a Conceptual Anomaly†, she relays her experiences upon conducting a research in Japan. She was raised as an American so she had a difficult time adjusting herself on the ways of living in Japan. This is because the Japanese perceive White people as different and offensive (Kondo 524). During the course of her stay in Japan, she had to learn their traditions, values, and most of all, their practices to be able to cope up with the new environment she was in. There came a point when she saw herself differently, not as the observer on the immersion she was doing but as part of the participants in her research. There is an existing dilemma brought by cultural relativism especially in the field of mental health. Psychiatry is a branch of psychological science that deals with human behavior. Through psychiatry, we are able to find out if we have acquired any psychological disorders. Basis on the diagnoses on such behavioral disorders is human behavior only without in-depth consideration of the underlying social, cultural, and political circumstances that brought up such behavior (Bartholomew 38). Examining closely the behavior of peoples conformity to a group is discovering the power and influence of the majority in a certain society (Only Human n.p) Psychiatry can be considered as the most debatable branch of medicine. There is a necessary clarification on the term mental illness. â€Å"Illness† denotes an impairment or injury on any bodys part. People who were diagnosed with mental illness do not have any injury, but only suffering living difficulties (Bartholomew 38). Based from the ideas discussed by Nisbett and Kondo, an American may experience difficulty adapting to an environment different from his usual environment and therefore may be tagged as mentally ill by the Japanese, or it could be the other way around. This just shows that there is an existing conflict brought about by cultural relativism. Due to the diversity of culture, there is no strong fundamental basis on what is a behavioral disorder. 3.2 Time In a world where time is considered as a necessity while many of us try to squeeze in the tasks that we have to accomplish with the little time that we have, it is fascinating, and at the same time important, to learn how time was viewed and used through the course of human civilization. Across the centuries, humans have looked and treated time differently the way their ancestors used to perceive time. At present, there is an international standard of telling time and it is universal, for every nation adheres to that standard. Due to the rotation of the earth, people experience differences in time—when it is day in the east, it is nighttime in the west. Humans have developed a biological clock or circadian rhythm based on the daily activities and lifestyle of a person. This clock is located in the hypothalamus of ones brain. This is responsible for how a person’s body perceives time. For instance, it is nighttime in his or her biological clock if he or she feels tired and sleepy (Damasio 36). When the region of the brain that is highly important for learning and recalling new information is damaged, a major disturbance occurs in a person’s innate ability to place events in a chronological sequence. This is what happens to amnesiacs or people suffering from amnesia. They lose the ability to estimate the passage of time in different scales (Damasio 36). Amnesia is a permanent damage on the brains hippocampus, a part of the brain essential to memory, and the temporal lobe, a region of the brain that serves as a two-way communication with the rest of the cerebral cortex. Damage in the hippocampus hinders the creation of new memories. Patients with an impaired hippocampus are known to have anterograde amnesia. They are unable to hold factual memories for longer than one minute. On the other hand, the amnesiacs that are unable to retrieve long-term memories are diagnosed with retrograde amnesia, which is characterized by an impaired in temporal lobe (Damasio 36). Amnesiacs do not have awareness of the correct time, which makes it difficult for them to place events in the right chronological order and store new factual memories. This deficiency greatly affects their way of living and their social interaction. The idea of time travel has not escape the imaginative minds of people. In 1895, H.G. Wells published the book The Time Machine, which opened the idea of time travel to the public. The proposition seemed so impossible but the physicist Einstein attempted to explain the possibility of such phenomenon through physics (Gott 8). In 1905, Einstein developed his theory of special relativity and explained how time is measured differently by still and moving objects. Einsteins mathematics professor Hermann Minowski expanded his theory and told that time could be treated mathematically as the universes fourth dimension (Gott 8). If their proposition is correct, their theory would allow humans to travel back in time or go forth to the future. However, Ray Bradbury stated the dangers of time travel to the past and the possible effects to the present once the course of history is altered. Hence, the events that happened in the past cannot be touched for it will greatly affect the current circumstances. 3.3 Perception of Time Time is treated also differently in every culture. The differences in perception of things could be attributed to the cultural relativism aforementioned. Awareness of time is very important to humans. Today, we are paid by the hour and our daily routines are based on time. Our early ancestors utilized everything that can be found in their environment to be able to tell time. They used the daily motions of the moon and sun. Assuming an unconventional movement of the celestial bodies resulted in certain phenomena, they were able to perceive the future through a cause-and-effect relationship (Falk n.p). For example, the Babylonians had their way of foretelling events by means of hepatoscopy, which involves sacrificing a liver. They believed that through this ritual, the gods allow them to foresee the future (Schick and Vaughn 97). Different cultures developed various methods and devices to determine time. For instance, the Romans developed the calendar, which was by Pope Gregory XIII. The perception of time could also be considered necessary in ones cultural requirements. This is evident in the empires established in Latin America. These empires dictated how to regulate time in order to fix civil, agricultural, and religious dates. On the other hand, Muslims, maintain strict daily routine of timely prayers to keep track of time (Falk n.p). Today, we treat time as inanimate, passing in a constant rate. We are all considered as slaves of time. We can never hasten up or slow down the passage of time. However, this was not the case for the Maya, as time is organic for them. According to the Mayas, time can be stretched, shrunk, or even overpowered by human activity. In fact, many cultures perceived time as organic in nature. In these cultures, time was told through human activities and not through the constraints of a clock or a calendar (Falk n.p). 4.0 Discussion In light of the findings provided by the sources, the existence of various traditions, beliefs, and values anchored to their culture has created a disparity in people’s perception. People act in accordance to their culture and society where they live. Behavior and action against the prevailing norms will be perceived by other people as a deviation or as a mental illness. This disparity in perception of right and wrong could be attributed to cultural relativism, or the difference in cultural beliefs and values. Throughout history, people have developed their perception of time. Our ancestors used conventional tools and devices to be able to tell time. Through the use of astrological components, they were able to acquire an understanding of the future events through cause-and-effect relationship by connecting a certain lunar or solar manifestation that resulted in certain events. Perception of time greatly depends on the brain’s functioning. An impairment of certain regions of the brain responsible for holding and storing memories and sequencing events in a chronological order deeply affects an individual’s perception of time. An example of this brain disorder is amnesia. Amnesiacs have an incorrect perception of time due to their ailment. The idea of time travel that seems unworkable was made theoretically possible by Einstein. In his theory of special relativity, he explained that the treating time as the universes fourth dimension can make time travel possible. Still, there are dangers in traveling back to the past because it may alter the course of events and the present situations. There is no universal perception of time. Time is perceived differently in various cultures. Some culture perceive it as inanimate, others treat it as organic that can be controlled by human activity.

Cacinda King Essay

Cacinda King Essay Cacinda King Essay Cacinda King Aharen Richardson English 1113 March 23, 2015 Essay II According to www.stjude.org, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital has been dedicated to finding cures for children with catastrophic diseases and treating children with no payment expected. All donations that are given go to research and treatment for the children with diseases not only in the U.S. but across the world. The late Danny Thomas, a Lebanese immigrant, was the founder of the hospital. One night at mass he had given his last seven dollars to the church and knelt down to pray in front of a St. Jude statue, asking for an answer to whether he should pursue entertainment as means of supporting his new child and his wife. He promised to erect a shrine of the statue if he got an answer. He got a moderate job within two hours of prayer. He opened the hospital in 1962 with the mission statement, â€Å"to advance cures and means of prevention for pediatric catastrophic disease through research and treatment. Consistent with the vision of our founder, Danny Thomas, no child is denied treatment based on race, religion, or a family’s ability not to pay†.(about st.jude). There has been five CEO’s of the company each serving 10 years. The CEO now is Dr. William Evans, who has authored more than 300 publications (About St.Jude). This company has been around for 53 years and has made miracles happen for children with no hope. St. Jude is the global leader in research and treatment for pediatric catastrophic disease. St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital has many partners in its efforts to raise money, it has a code of ethics to protect its patients and employees, and the hospital has received many awards, all for which reasons people trust them or the ethos. The hospital has over nine million active donors, and is partnered 288 fortune1, 000 companies (annual report). Some of their partners are well known such as Jared Jewelers, Anne Klein, Coca-Cola , Chili’s, The Today Show, CVS and many more just to name a few. They have a code ethics that is followed and audited by a committee called the formal compliance which is overseen by the CEO. The code ethics discusses the commitment to their donors that every dollar will be wisely spent to achieve their mission, also to be committed to give patients the highest quality of medical and supportive care. The code ethics also sates their commitment to develop their employees. In the code of ethics it also state that their research is not done for a profitable motive, but that sometime the research does conclude into patentable inventions, which they do make money from. No family is ever billed for the services they receive at St. Jude. They patients are also offered after care services. Every employee must pass a federal and state background check and database for working in a federal healthcare or research facility. The hospital has received many awards. Just in 2014 they received the award for Top Workplace , 2014 Direction award and 2014 Secretary of Defense Employer Support Freedom Award. They were the number one children’s cancer hospital in the U.S. form 2010-2011. Greg Hale was named a top physician in America. The CEO, Dr, Evans has three cancer institute merit award for his research in anti-leukemic agents in children (about St,Jude). And of course, the founder, Danny Thomas, was given the Congressional Gold Medal in 1985 during Ronald Reagan’s presidency and in 2004 he received the Bob Hope humanitarian Award. In the annual report it gives data and facts, or logos. St. Jude doesn’t just help in the U.S. but all over the world. They share their success with other doctors. There are 20 sites in 14 countries that are a part of St. Jude Children’s Research hospital. They offer 37,000 healthcare professionals free to pediatrics for more than 157 countries. They have more than 2,200 seminars available and seven million items viewed or downloaded. St, Jude does at least 31, 00 fundraisers a year. St. Jude is the 2nd